ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2022
Retinal Hyperreflecting Foci Associate With Cortical Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis.
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Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17citing papers in PubMed
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inner Plexiform Layer Microstructure Is Altered in Multiple Sclerosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Hyperreflective Foci in the Inner Nuclear Layer: Proof-of-Concept for an Optical Coherence Tomography Derived Microglia-Related Marker in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- The clinical relevance of hyper-reflective foci in the inner retina at the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- Optical coherence tomography reveals retinal structural abnormalities in α-synucleinopathies: insights from the Padua-CESNE cohort.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Hyperreflective Retinal Foci (HRF): Definition and Role of an Invaluable OCT Sign.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Hyperreflective retinal foci are associated with retinal degeneration after optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The role of microglia in multiple sclerosis: implications for treatment with Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Oculomics analysis in multiple sclerosis: Current ophthalmic clinical and imaging biomarkers.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Longitudinal Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Reveals Hyperreflective Foci Characteristics in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Cortical matrix remodeling as a hallmark of relapsing-remitting neuroinflammation in MR elastography and quantitative MRI.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Non-invasiveFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Hyper-reflective foci changes in RRMS under natalizumab therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Hyper-reflective dots in optical coherence tomography imaging and inflammation markers in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Hyper-Reflecting Foci in Multiple Sclerosis Retina Associate With Macrophage/Microglia-Derived Cytokines in Cerebrospinal Fluid.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Marta PengoFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Silvia MianteFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Silvia FranciottaFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Marta PonzanoFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Tommaso TorresinFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Francesca BovisFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3823-4000
Francesca RinaldiFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Paola PeriniFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Martina SaianiFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Monica MargoniFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Alessandra BertoldoFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Maria Pia SormaniFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Elisabetta PilottoFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Edoardo MidenaFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Paolo GalloFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy.
Marco PuthenparampilFrom the Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M. Pengo, S.M., S.F., M.S., M.M., P.G., M. Puthenparampil), Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova; Department of Health Sciences (M. Ponzano, F.B., M.P.S.), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova; Ophthalmology Clinic (T.T., E.P., E.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy; Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (T.T., E.P., E.M.), London, United Kingdom; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (F.R., P.P.), Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; and Department of Information Engineering (DEI) (A.B.), University of Padova, Italy. marco.puthenparampil@unipd.it.
University of Padua · IT
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesMicroglia, the resident immune cell of the brain and retina, is widespread activated in the white and gray matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the presence and number of hyperreflecting foci (HRF), considered clusters of activated and proliferating retinal microglia, and their association with clinical and radiologic disease parameters in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
methodsAt baseline, 80 patients with RRMS underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3T-MRI (including 3-dimensional T1, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and double inversion recovery sequences), closed to their disease onset (6.3 ± 5.1 months). These patients were then clinically and radiologically followed up for a mean of 43 months, evaluating the no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) condition, further divided into clinical (cNEDA) and radiologic (rNEDA). Patients with a clinical history or MRI/OCT findings suggestive of optic neuritis (ON) were excluded from the study.
resultsCompared with healthy controls, the HRF number was significantly higher in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of patients with RRMS (19.55 ± 5.65 vs 13.84 ± 2.57, DISCUSSION: We found a strong association between retinal microglial proliferation and cortical pathology in RRMS, a finding suggesting a possible underlying common immunopathologic mechanism. Furthermore, microglial activation at baseline was observed to predict subsequent inflammatory events, indicating that HRF might be a candidate prognostic biomarker worthy of further investigation. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that in patients with early RRMS but without ON, the number of HRF on OCT of the retinal inner nuclear layer is associated with cNEDA and rNEDA.
Indexed as
Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingOptic NeuritisHumansRetinaTomography, Optical Coherence
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