ReviewAtherosclerosis2022
Non-genetic influences on lipoprotein(a) concentrations.
Review in Atherosclerosis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Independence of Lipoprotein(a) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Mediated Cardiovascular Risk: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis.Circulation · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Association between hepatic steatosis and lipoprotein(a) levels in non-alcoholic patients: A systematic review.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2023Pooled it
- Atherogenic Lipoproteins for the Statin Residual Cardiovascular Disease Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Lipoprotein(a) lipidome and diet: responses to reducing saturated fat intake in African Americans in a randomized trial.Journal of lipid research · 2026Trial
- Lipoprotein(a) Lipidome: Responses to Reduced Dietary Saturated Fat Intake in Two Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Heterogeneity in Lipoprotein(a) Profile Changes Across the Menopausal Transition.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Associations of Elevated Lipoprotein(a) with C-Reactive Protein and Type 2 Diabetes in a Multiethnic Population.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Associations of lipoprotein(a) concentrations with cardiovascular disease in men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a): Cardiovascular Risk and Emerging Targeted Therapies.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026Review
- Substantial Change Between Repeated Lipoprotein(a) Measurements Is Associated with Residual Cardiovascular Risk in a Real-World Multicenter Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Lipopotrein(a): from the complex metabolism to the optimal lowering drug.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Mendelian Randomization Reveals Interleukin-6 Receptor-Lipoprotein(a) Interplay With Independent Cardiovascular Risk Reductions.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) in Coronary Artery Disease and Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, Interventional Implications and Emerging Targeted Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Longitudinal variability of lipoprotein(a) in youth-onset type 1 diabetes: implications for cardiovascular risk stratification.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Significance of Lipoprotein(a) in Coronary Artery Disease: A Comparative Study of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Healthy Individuals.Circulation reports · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Diseases and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Lipoprotein(a) and Women's Cardiovascular Health: A Review.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction, Cardiovascular, and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of Smoking Status and Urinary Cotinine Levels With Lipoprotein(a) in Korean Adults.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2026Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An elevated level of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically regulated, independent, causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the extensive variability in Lp(a) levels between individuals and population groups cannot be fully explained by genetic factors, emphasizing a potential role for non-genetic factors. In this review, we provide an overview of current evidence on non-genetic factors influencing Lp(a) levels with a particular focus on diet, physical activity, hormones and certain pathological conditions. Findings from randomized controlled clinical trials show that diets lower in saturated fats modestly influence Lp(a) levels and often in the opposing direction to LDL cholesterol. Results from studies on physical activity/exercise have been inconsistent, ranging from no to minimal or moderate change in Lp(a) levels, potentially modulated by age and the type, intensity, and duration of exercise modality. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women lowers Lp(a) levels with oral being more effective than transdermal estradiol; the type of HRT, dose of estrogen and addition of progestogen do not modify the Lp(a)-lowering effect of HRT. Kidney diseases result in marked elevations in Lp(a) levels, albeit dependent on disease stages, dialysis modalities and apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes. In contrast, Lp(a) levels are reduced in liver diseases in parallel with the disease progression, although population studies have yielded conflicting results on the associations between Lp(a) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Overall, current evidence supports a role for diet, hormones and related conditions, and liver and kidney diseases in modifying Lp(a) levels.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.