ArticleOphthalmology. Glaucoma
The Frequency of Visual Field Testing in a US Nationwide Cohort of Individuals with Open-Angle Glaucoma.
Article in Ophthalmology. Glaucoma. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inequities in glaucoma research: an analysis of Cochrane systematic reviews and randomized trials.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Data Volume and the Need for Clinical Decision Support in Glaucoma Care.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Predicting Variability and Reliability in Visual Field Testing: Short- and Long-Term Approaches.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of VisuALL Virtual Reality Perimetry and Humphrey Visual Field Testing in Glaucoma Patients.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Comparison of structure-function correlation among IMO visual function analyser and Humphrey field analyser.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Eyecatcher 3.0 - Validating the Use of "Smart Glasses" as a Low-Cost, Portable Method of Assessing Visual Fields.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Number of macula optical coherence tomography scans needed to detect glaucoma progression.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Glaucoma Home Monitoring Using Online Circular Contrast Perimetry Over 6 Months: Performance and Patient Attitudes in the Developing World Setting.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Predicting progressive vision loss in glaucoma patients using functional principal component analysis and electronic health records.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Glaucoma Clinic Monitoring Over 6 Months Using Online Circular Contrast Perimetry in Comparison with Standard Automatic Perimetry: The Developing-World Setting.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Interventional Glaucoma: Improving the Patient-Provider Educational Exchange.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Identifying, Understanding, and Addressing Disparities in Glaucoma Care in the United States.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Systematic User-centered Design of a Prototype Clinical Decision Support System for Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Detectability of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma Using Moving Versus Static Stimuli for Perimetry.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Perimetry at Different Severities of Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Moving Stimulus Perimetry: A New Functional Test for Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Big data in visual field testing for glaucoma.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
- Early diagnostics and interventional glaucoma.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
- Time to Identify Glaucoma Progression Given Typical Visual Field Testing Frequencies in a US Nationwide Insured Population.Ophthalmology. GlaucomaArticle
- Opportunities for Improving Glaucoma Clinical Trials via Deep Learning-Based Identification of Patients with Low Visual Field Variability.Ophthalmology. GlaucomaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeVisual field testing that is not frequent enough results in delayed identification of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) progression. Guidelines recommend at least annual testing. It is not known how frequently patients with OAG across the United States receive visual field testing and how patient characteristics and circumstances influence this frequency. If US patients with OAG do not receive visual field tests frequently enough, interventions to increase this frequency or to develop other forms of testing visual function may reduce unidentified OAG vision loss.
designRetrospective cohort study.
participantsThe TruvenHealth MarketScan Commercial Claims Database (IBM) contains demographic and claims data for > 160 million individuals across the United States from 2008 to 2017. We identified enrollees in the database with a recorded diagnosis of OAG (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 356.1x and H40.1x, respectively). We excluded those aged < 40 years at the time of their first OAG diagnosis, those without at least 1 confirmatory OAG diagnosis at a subsequent visit, and those with < 4 years of follow-up data after OAG diagnosis.
methodsWe calculated the number of visual field tests that each enrollee with OAG underwent per year and categorized the enrollees based on that number (0, > 0 to < 0.9, ≥ 0.9 to ≤ 1.1, > 1.1 to ≤ 2.1, and > 2.1). We used negative binomial regression to investigate the demographic or health variables that were associated with the frequency of visual field tests that enrollees with OAG received.
main outcome measuresFrequency of visual field testing among enrollees with OAG.
resultsOf the 380 029 enrollees included in the study, 33 267 (8.8%) did not receive a visual field test during the study period, 259 349 (68.2%) underwent > 0 to < 0.9 visual field tests per year, 42 129 (11.1%) underwent ≥ 0.9 to ≤ 1.1 visual field tests per year, 42 301 (11.1%) underwent > 1.1 to ≤ 2.1 visual field tests per year, and 2983 (0.8%) underwent ≥ 2.1 visual field tests per year. The median number of visual field tests per year was 0.63 (interquartile range, 0.33-0.88; mean, 0.65).
conclusionsMore than 75% of enrollees with OAG received < 1 visual field test per year and, thus, did not receive guideline-adherent glaucoma monitoring.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.