ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2022
The Control of Anteromedial Rotatory Instability Is Improved With Combined Flat sMCL and Anteromedial Reconstruction.
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Narrow Medial Femoral Condyle Width Is Associated With Anteromedial Rotatory Instability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Mini-Open Short Superficial and Deep Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction of the Knee With Adjustable System.Arthroscopy techniques · 2026Article
- Risk of Revision and Patient-Reported Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction: Influence of Concomitant MCL Injury and Graft Choice: Analysis of 35,139 Reconstructions From the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register.The American journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Modified Refixation Technique of Distal Deep and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries.Arthroscopy techniques · 2026Article
- A scoping review and guide for in vitro healthy human knee joint laxity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Is the Lind or LaPrade Technique Able to Control Anterior and Rotational Laxity in Medial-Side Knee Injuries? A Controlled Laboratory Study of 18 Knees.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- [Medial collateral ligament bracing].Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie · 2025Review
- ESR Bridges: imaging and treatment of knee injuries-a multidisciplinary view.European radiology · 2025Article
- Higher graft failure rates following primary ACL reconstruction and conservative MCL treatment compared to simultaneous primary ACL and MCL reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Current Classification Systems for Knee Ligament Injuries Are Limited to Ligament Involvement and Do Not Consider Injury Mechanism or Sequence of Injury: A Scoping Review.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- Which tibial implantation site for the deep medial collateral ligament should be chosen to control anteromedial rotatory instability of the knee?Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Reconstruction of the Medial Collateral Ligament and the Posterior Oblique Ligament With a Flat Tibialis Allograft: the "Trifid Flat Reconstruction".Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Double-Bundle Femoral-Based Reconstruction of the Deep and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament for Anteromedial Rotatory Instability: The MAVERIK Technique.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- MCL augmentation using a peroneus longus split tendon autograft satisfactorily restores knee stability with no impairment in foot function and with a low failure rate for concurrent ACL reconstruction.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Specific fibre areas in the femoral footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament act as a major contributor in resisting posterior tibial displacement: A biomechanical robotic investigation.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Double Extra-Articular Reinforcement.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Modified Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Technique for Combined Reconstruction of the Deep and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligaments.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Stability, Revision Rate, and Complication Profile of Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis and Hughston Procedure in Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injury: An 8-Year Cohort Study.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Anteromedial Oblique Ligament Reconstruction Using the Rectus Femoris Tendon: Description of Surgical Technique.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Considerations in revision of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the high-level athlete.Annals of joint · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBoth the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) and the deep MCL (dMCL) contribute to the restraint of anteromedial (AM) rotatory instability (AMRI). Previous studies have not investigated how MCL reconstructions control AMRI. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose was to establish the optimal medial reconstruction for restoring normal knee kinematics in an sMCL- and dMCL-deficient knee. It was hypothesized that AMRI would be better controlled with the addition of an anatomically shaped (flat) sMCL reconstruction and with the addition of an AM reconstruction replicating the function of the dMCL. STUDY
designControlled laboratory study.
methodsA 6 degrees of freedom robotic system equipped with a force-torque sensor was used to test 8 unpaired knees in the intact, sMCL/dMCL sectioned, and reconstructed states. Four different reconstructions were assessed. The sMCL was reconstructed with either a single-bundle (SB) or a flattened hamstring graft aimed at better replicating the appearance of the native ligament. These reconstructions were tested with and without an additional AM reconstruction. Simulated laxity tests were performed at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion: 10 N·m valgus rotation, 5 N·m internal and external rotation (ER), and an AM drawer test (combined 134-N anterior tibial drawer in 5 N·m ER). The primary outcome measures of this force-controlled setup were anterior tibial translation (ATT; in mm) and axial tibial rotation (in degrees).
resultsSectioning the sMCL/dMCL increased valgus rotation, ER, and ATT with the simulated AM draw test at all flexion angles. SB sMCL reconstruction was unable to restore ATT, valgus rotation, and ER at 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion to the intact state (
conclusionIn a cadaveric model, AMRI resulting from an injured sMCL and dMCL complex could not be restored by an isolated SB sMCL reconstruction. A flat MCL reconstruction or an additional AM procedure, however, better restored medial knee stability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In patients evaluated with a combined valgus and AM rotatory instability, a flat sMCL and an additional AM reconstruction may be superior to an isolated SB sMCL reconstruction.
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