ArticleAnnals of medicine2022
Epidemiological analysis of coronary heart disease and its main risk factors: are their associations multiplicative, additive, or interactive?
Article in Annals of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors with aspirin-clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Hazardous alcohol use: a cross-sectional study of cardiology patients in Sweden.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of smoking on coronary heart disease risk in women: Insights from the NHANES database.Medicine · 2025Article
- The severity of coronary heart disease and the incidence and severity of following obstructive sleep apnea: a population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between grade of coronary heart disease and risk of developing keratopathy: a nationwide cohort study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Overview of systematic reviews on Chinese patented oral medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis combined with western medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease angina pectoris.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Protective Effect of Carvacrol against Oxidative Damage in Aged Rats.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- The Degrees of Coronary Heart Disease and the Degrees of New-Onset Blepharitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Extents of Coronary Heart Disease and the Severity of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Low-dose atorvastatin calcium combined with evolocumab: effect on regulatory proteins, lipid profiles, and cardiac function in coronary heart disease patients.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Gender differences in the prevalence, correlated factors and comorbidity of depression in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Primordial prevention: Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in racial/ethnic populations.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2023Article
- Breast cancer is associated with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional survey of NHANES 1999-2018.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Correlation between coronary heart disease severity and subsequent chronic rhinosinusitis severity: A retrospective cohort study.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Non-Traditional Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to discover how considering multiplicative, additive, and interactive effects modifies results of a prospective cohort study on coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and its main risk factors. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study provided the study material, 2682 Eastern Finnish middle-aged men, followed since the 1980s. We applied multiplicative and additive survival models together with different statistical metrics and confidence intervals for risk ratios and risk differences to estimate the nature of associations.
resultsThe mean (SD) follow-up time among men who were free of CHD at baseline (
conclusionsIncluding covariate interactions and time dependence in survival models potentially refine results of epidemiological analyses and ease to define the order of importance across CHD risk factors. KEY MESSAGESIncluding covariate interactions and time dependence in survival models potentially refine results of epidemiological analyses on coronary heart disease.Including covariate interactions and time dependence in survival models potentially ease to define the order of importance across coronary heart disease risk factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.