ArticleJNCI cancer spectrum2022
Sex-Based Differences in Functional Brain Activity During Working Memory in Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Article in JNCI cancer spectrum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with executive function in children with lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Chemobrain as a Neuroimmune Syndrome: Mechanisms, Modifiers, and Emerging Multi-Target Therapeutic Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cognitive and Psychosocial Burden of Childhood Cancer Survivors in Greece: A Case-Control Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuropsychological function in childhood cancer patients and adult survivors of childhood cancer.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2025Review
- Development of working memory, processing speed, and psychosocial functions in patients with pediatric cancer.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Sex and Gender in Myeloid and Lymphoblastic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Exploring Sex-Based Neuropsychological Outcomes in Pediatric Brain Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Characterization of brain development with neuroimaging in a female mouse model of chemotherapy treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Clinical Potential of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Neurorehabilitation in Pediatric Cancer Survivors.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- [Recent research on cognitive impairment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023Review
- Association of markers of inflammation on attention and neurobehavioral outcomes in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Processing efficiency in pediatric cancer survivors: A review and operationalization for outcomes research and clinical utility.Brain and behavior · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLong-term survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are at elevated risk for neurocognitive deficits and corresponding brain dysfunction. This study examined sex-based differences in functional neuroimaging outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors treated with chemotherapy alone.
methodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neurocognitive testing were obtained in 123 survivors (46% male; median [min-max] age = 14.2 years [8.3-26.5 years]; time since diagnosis = 7.7 years [5.1-12.5 years]) treated on the St. Jude Total XV treatment protocol. Participants performed the n-back working memory task in a 3 T scanner. Functional neuroimaging data were processed (realigned, slice time corrected, normalized, smoothed) and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping with contrasts for 1-back and 2-back conditions, which reflect varying degrees of working memory and task load. Group-level fMRI contrasts were stratified by sex and adjusted for age and methotrexate exposure. Statistical tests were 2-sided (P < .05 statistical significance threshold).
resultsRelative to males, female survivors exhibited less activation (ie, reduced blood oxygen dependent-level signals) in the right parietal operculum, supramarginal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, and bilateral superior frontal medial gyrus during increased working memory load (family-wise error-corrected P = .004 to .008, adjusting for age and methotrexate dose). Female survivors were slower to correctly respond to the 2-back condition than males (P < .05), though there were no differences in overall accuracy. Performance accuracy was negatively correlated with fMRI activity in female survivors (Pearson's r = -0.39 to -0.29, P = .001 to .02), but not in males.
conclusionsThese results suggest the working memory network is more impaired in female survivors than male survivors, which may contribute to ongoing functional deficits.
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