ReviewStatistics in medicine2022
Propensity score methods for observational studies with clustered data: A review.
Review in Statistics in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiopulmonary Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Hospitalist Management of Undifferentiated Dyspnea.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Can propensity-score matching distinguish the effect of visual obturator use from center-level practice differences during TURP?World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Using Propensity Score Weighting With Clustered Data When the Treatment Is Applied at the Level of the Cluster and Outcomes Are Assessed at the Level of the Individual: The Observational Analog of Cluster Randomization Trials.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Impact of EGUIDE Training on Facility-Wide Guideline Adherence Rate in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder-A Methodological Reflection.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Association between mental health service utilization and diabetes-hypertension comorbidity: a community-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine-Associated Bradycardia and Related Drug-Drug Interactions Using Electronic Health Record (EHR) and miRNA Target Analysis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Vaccine hesitancy and economic hardship: A latent class analysis of racial and ethnic minority communities at high risk of COVID-19 infection in Southern California.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Causal Forests Versus Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting to Adjust for Cluster-Level Confounding: A Parametric and Plasmode Simulation Study Based on US Hospital Electronic Health Record Data.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of a Non-Weight-Centric Approach to Obesity Prevention in Rural and Urban Female Adolescents: Quasi-Experimental Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Inverse probability weighting for causal inference in hierarchical data.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Effects of early mobilization within 48 hours of injury in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Observational
- MARGO: Machine Learning-Assisted Adaptive Randomization for Group Sequential Trials Based on Overlap Weights.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Propensity Score Matching: Identifying Opportunities for Future Use in Nursing Studies.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPENSITY SCORE ESTIMATION METHODS FOR INVERSE PROBABILITY OF TREATMENT WEIGHTING ANALYSIS WITH COMPLEX SURVEY DATA: A SIMULATION STUDY.Journal of survey statistics and methodology · 2025Article
- Bayesian doubly robust estimation of causal effects for clustered observational data.Journal of applied statistics · 2025Article
- Replacement Strategies for Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters with Complications: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2024Article
- Home Health Care Use and Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Medicare Beneficiaries.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
- The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: transforming mental health implementation research.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2024Review
- Association between TB delay and TB treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients: a study based on the multilevel propensity score method.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of crop commercialization on multidimensional poverty in rural Ethiopia: propensity score approach.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propensity score methods are a popular approach to mitigating confounding bias when estimating causal effects in observational studies. When study units are clustered (eg, patients nested within health systems), additional challenges arise such as accounting for unmeasured confounding at multiple levels and dependence between units within the same cluster. While clustered observational data are widely used to draw causal inferences in many fields, including medicine and healthcare, extensions of propensity score methods to clustered settings are still a relatively new area of research. This article presents a framework for estimating causal effects using propensity scores when study units are nested within clusters and are nonrandomly assigned to treatment conditions. We emphasize the need for investigators to examine the nature of the clustering, among other properties, of the observational data at hand in order to guide their choice of causal estimands and the corresponding propensity score approach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.