ArticleNature machine intelligence2021
A deep learning framework for drug repurposing via emulating clinical trials on real-world patient data.
Article in Nature machine intelligence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of AI-assisted drug repurposing in neurological disorders: a systematic review of validation strategies, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Medicinal Chemistry Perspectives on Drug Repurposing: Innovative Approaches and Therapeutic Breakthrough.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Target identification and assessment in the era of AI.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- REACT (Real-world Emulated Clinical Trials): A Framework for Drug Repurposing Applied to Osteoporotic Fractures.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Large-scale integration of omics and electronic health records to identify potential risk protein biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for cancer prevention.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Harnessing patient health data to benefit individuals and advance research: a focus on rheumatoid arthritis - a narrative review.BMJ digital health & AI · 2026Review
- Advancing Drug Discovery with AI: Machine and Deep Learning Strategies for Target Identification and Precision Nanomedicine.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- REACT (Real-world Emulated Clinical Trials): A Framework for Drug Repurposing Applied to Osteoporotic Fractures.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2026Article
- Mechanism-aware and safety-validated AI for drug repurposing: a critical review and translational pharmacology framework.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- CauReL: Dynamic Counterfactual Learning for Precision Drug Repurposing in Alzheimer's Disease.Research square · 2025Article
- Decoding the genomic symphony: unravelling brain disorders through data integration and machine learning.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- A New Era of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Transforming Drug Discovery and Development.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Prompt-based multimodal representation learning for drug repurposing.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- From Stress Pathways to Space Biology: An Odyssey in Molecular and Translational Medicine.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Vaginal Microenvironment-Driven neural network model for predicting multiple HPV co-infections: a machine learning clinical decision framework.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Ophthalmic drug discovery and development using artificial intelligence and digital health technologies.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Review
- A Deep Subgrouping Framework for Precision Drug Repurposing via Emulating Clinical Trials on Real-world Patient Data.KDD : proceedings. International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining · 2025Article
- Computational Drug Repositioning in Cardiorenal Disease: Opportunities, Challenges, and Approaches.Proteomics · 2025Article
- Advancing efficacy prediction for electronic health records based emulated trials in repurposing heart failure therapies.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Multicenter target trial emulation to evaluate corticosteroids for sepsis stratified by predicted organ dysfunction trajectory.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an effective strategy to identify new uses for existing drugs, providing the quickest possible transition from bench to bedside. Real-world data, such as electronic health records and insurance claims, provide information on large cohorts of users for many drugs. Here we present an efficient and easily customized framework for generating and testing multiple candidates for drug repurposing using a retrospective analysis of real-world data. Building upon well-established causal inference and deep learning methods, our framework emulates randomized clinical trials for drugs present in a large-scale medical claims database. We demonstrate our framework on a coronary artery disease cohort of millions of patients. We successfully identify drugs and drug combinations that substantially improve the coronary artery disease outcomes but haven't been indicated for treating coronary artery disease, paving the way for drug repurposing.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.