ArticleCureus2022
Interaction of Maternal Race/Ethnicity, Insurance, and Education Level on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of the United States Vital Statistics Records.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interacting and joint effects of total gestational weight gain and the patterns on adverse pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancy: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Positive Toxicology at Delivery: Insights From the University of Maryland Medical System.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Obstetric penicillin allergy evaluations.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Ancillary and Advanced Techniques for the Postmortem Examination.Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective is to determine the association between maternal race/ethnicity, insurance, education level, and pregnancy outcomes.
methodsWe queried the U.S. vital statistics records from 2015 to 2019 to analyze all deliveries. Using a multivariate analysis model, we determined the interaction between maternal race, insurance, education, and pregnancy outcomes. The outcome measures were the 5-min Apgar score, neonatal unit admission, neonates receiving assisted ventilation > 6 hours, mothers requiring blood transfusion, and the intensive care unit admission.
resultThere were 13,213,732 deliveries that met our inclusion criteria. In the study population, 52.7% were white, 14.1% blacks, 22.9% Hispanics, and 10.4% belonged to other races. 37.5% of the women had a high school education, 49.1% had a college education, and 12.3% had advanced degrees. Black mothers with high school education were more likely to require blood transfusion following delivery than Whites at the same education level, OR=1.08 (95% CI 1.05-1.11, p < 0.05). They were also more likely to be admitted into intensive care. The difference only disappeared among blacks with advanced education (OR=1.0; 95% CI 0.89-1.12, p > 0.05). Across all races/ethnicities, private insurance and advanced education were associated with better pregnancy outcomes.
conclusionIn the U.S., women with high socioeconomic status have better pregnancy outcomes across all races/ethnicities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.