ArticleDose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society
Response of Iron Deficiency Markers to Blood Lead Levels and Synergistic Outcomes at Prenatal Stage.
Article in Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lead and Iron Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Basrah, Iraq.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Article
- Environmental Contaminants, Iron Deficiency, and Iron-Deficiency Anemia: A Review of the Literature.Scientifica · 2025Review
- Iron-related Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Management of Iron Disorders.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Article
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3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Lead may be passed on from a mother to their unborn fetus. If she has been exposed to lead for an extended period, the lead deposited in their bones can be stimulated to be released into the bloodstream during gestation. This study was planned to examine blood lead level at the prenatal stage and its response to markers of iron deficiency during gestation. We collected 396 samples during the second trimester of gestation from women age 19 to 45 years. Hematological markers including hemoglobin, hepcidin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, and blood iron were analyzed. For the detection of blood lead, we used Atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean blood lead level of the control group was 3.25 ± .407 μg/dL, and in the iron deficiency group, it was 7.96 ± .502 μg/dL. At the same time, the women with iron deficiency anemia showed 22.12 ± 1.02 μg/dL of mean blood lead. Pearson's approach showed a non-significant negative correlation between blood lead and hepcidin, while hemoglobin, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, and serum iron showed a significant (.01) negative correlation with blood lead. Blood lead has no direct effect on iron deficiency markers. In contrast, iron deficiency contributes to an increase in lead accumulation during pregnancy. Iron and lead both have an impact on the heme-biosynthetic pathways. The study revealed that pre-existing iron deficiency is connected with increased lead intake and can negatively impact health in gestational females.
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