ArticleFrontiers in oncology2022
Sprouting Angiogenesis in Human Pituitary Adenomas.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring the Dynamic Interaction Between Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (Pit-NETs) Cells and Their Angiogenic Microenvironment by Using the MIB1 Labeling Index, VEGF Expression and Digital Image Analysis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Prenatal alcohol exposure increases the aggressiveness of estrogen-induced pituitary tumors in male rats.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Pituitary Apoplexy: a re-appraisal of risk factors and best management strategies in the COVID-19 era.Pituitary · 2024Review
- The biological behavior and clinical outcome of pituitary adenoma are affected by the microenvironment.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Identification of cholesterol metabolism-related subtypes in nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and analysis of immune infiltration.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Angiogenesis in pituitary tumors is not fully understood, and a better understanding could help inform new pharmacologic therapies, particularly for aggressive pituitary tumors. Materials and Methods: 219 human pituitary tumors and 12 normal pituitary glands were studied. Angiogenic genes were quantified by an angiogenesis qPCR array and a TaqMan probe-based absolute qPCR. Angiogenesis inhibition in pituitary tumors was evaluated Results: 71 angiogenic genes, 40 of which are known to be involved in sprouting angiogenesis, were differentially expressed in pituitary tumors. Expression of endothelial markers CD31, CD34, and ENG was significantly higher in pituitary tumors, by 5.6, 22.3, and 8.2-fold, respectively, compared to in normal pituitary tissue. There was no significant difference in levels of the lymphatic endothelial marker LYVE1 in pituitary tumors compared with normal pituitary gland tissue. Pituitary tumors also expressed significantly higher levels of angiogenesis growth factors, including VEGFA (4.2-fold), VEGFB (2.2), VEGFC (19.3), PGF (13.4), ANGPT2 (9.2), PDGFA (2.7), PDGFB (10.5) and TGFB1 (3.8) compared to normal pituitary tissue. Expression of VEGFC and PGF was highly correlated with the expression of endothelial markers in tumor samples, including CD31, CD34, and ENG (endoglin, a co-receptor for TGFβ). Furthermore, VEGFR inhibitors inhibited angiogenesis induced by human pituitary tumors and prolonged survival of RbΔ19 mice. Conclusion: Human pituitary tumors are characterized by more active angiogenesis than normal pituitary gland tissue in a manner consistent with sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in pituitary tumors is regulated mainly by PGF and VEGFC, not VEGFA and VEGFB. Angiogenesis inhibitors, such as the VEGFR2 inhibitor cabozantinib, may merit further investigation as therapies for aggressive human pituitary tumors.
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Registered trials
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