ArticleJournal of patient-centered research and reviews2022
Associations Between Residential Greenspace, Socioeconomic Status, and Stroke: A Matched Case-Control Study.
Article in Journal of patient-centered research and reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to neighbourhood environments for physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Impacts of Urban Green on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Weathering the storm: Effect of climate change on acute stroke care and stroke rehabilitation.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Association of social determinants of health and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in Colombia.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Association Between Residential Greenness and Risk of Stroke by Ecoregions: The REGARDS Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- The Effects of Green Spaces and Noise Exposure on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study in Lebanon.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Risk of dementia due to Co-exposure to air pollution and neighborhood disadvantage.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Greenspaces And Cardiovascular Health.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Neighborhood deprivation and morbid obesity: Insights from the Houston Methodist Cardiovascular Disease Health System Learning Registry.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Studies have shown increased residential greenspace is associated with improved outcome following stroke. This study sought to determine if residential greenspace is an independent stroke risk factor. Methods: A retrospective 1:4 matched case-control study involving 1174 stroke and 4696 control patients over a 3-year period from Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, was conducted. Greenspace was determined using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 250-meter radius surrounding a subject's residence. The area deprivation index (ADI) for the census block tract of a subject's residence was obtained from the Neighborhood Atlas Results: NDVI and stroke risk were inversely correlated (odds ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.111-0.975; P=0.045), with 19% lowered odds of stroke for patients living in the highest greenspace quartile compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.672-0.984; P=0.045). Patients living in the most deprived ADI quartile had 28% greater stroke risk than those living in the least deprived ADI quartile (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.02-1.6; P=0.029). Non-Hispanic Black patients lived in residential areas with lower greenspace (P<0.001) and neighborhoods of greater state and national ADI (P<0.001 for both) than non-Hispanic White patients. Conclusions: In Milwaukee County, living with greater surrounding greenspace or areas of lower deprivation is associated with lower odds of stroke. NDVI represents an independent risk factor for stroke, not simply a proxy for socioeconomic status.
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Registered trials
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