Perceived harm of heated tobacco products, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy compared with conventional cigarettes among ever and current heated tobacco users.

Aims: There is limited knowledge on how ever and current heated tobacco product (HTP) users perceive the relative harm of various nicotine-containing products. The aim of this study was to explore relative harm perceptions of HTPs, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) relative to conventional cigarettes (CCs) among ever versus current HTP users, and exclusive (who use only a HTP) versus dual/poly-users (concurrent users of HTP and CCs and/or e-cigarettes). Methods: Data came from 1423 ever or current Hungarian adult HTP users who participated in a cross-sectional web-based survey in 2020. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between relative harm perceptions, HTP use patterns, past tobacco use, HTP dependence, and socio-demographic variables. Results: 81.2% of the sample was current HTP users, of them 78.4% were exclusive HTP users. Compared to CCs, 86.2% of the sample perceived HTP to be less harmful, with current and exclusive HTP users endorsing more this belief, followed by NRT (79.8%), and e-cigarettes (45.2%). In general, neither socio-demographic variables nor past tobacco use, HTP use pattern, and HTP dependence were related to perceived harmfulness across the tested products. However, there was a specific pattern for each tested product with a set of explanatory variables. Conclusions: Ever/current HTP users presented misperceptions about the harms of HTPs, e-cigarettes, and NRT. They underestimated the potential health benefits of NRT and had distorted harm perceptions about HTPs and e-cigarettes. Public education about the relative harms of different nicotine and tobacco products is urgently needed.