Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35598048›Full record

ReviewMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2022

Precision medicine: In vivo CAR therapy as a showcase for receptor-targeted vector platforms.

Alexander Michels, Naphang Ho, Christian J Buchholz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  3. Injectable bioinstructive microfoam for rapid bedside/in vivo programming of CAR-T cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. In Vivo T-Cell Engineering: Revolution in Delivery Strategies and Clinical Translation.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
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  13. Article
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  17. FromImmune network · 2026
    Review
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  20. Article

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alexander MichelsDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.
Naphang HoDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Christian J BuchholzDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: christian.buchholz@pei.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a cancer immunotherapy of extremes. Unprecedentedly effective, but complex and costly to manufacture, they are not yet a therapeutic option for all who would benefit. This disparity has motivated worldwide efforts to simplify treatment. Among the proposed solutions, the generation of CAR T cells directly in the patient, i.e., in vivo, is arguably simultaneously the most technically challenging and clinically useful approach to convert CAR therapy from a cell-based autologous medicinal product into a universally applicable off-the-shelf treatment. Here, we review the current state of the art of in vivo CAR therapy, focusing especially on the vector technologies used. These cover lentiviral vectors and adenovirus-associated vectors as well as synthetic polymer nanocarriers and lipid nanoparticles. Proof of concept, i.e., the generation of CAR cells directly in mouse models, has been demonstrated for all vector platforms. Receptor targeting of vector particles is crucial, as it can prevent CAR gene delivery into off-target cells, thus reducing toxicities. We discuss the properties of the vector platforms, such as their immunogenicity, potency, and modes of CAR delivery (permanent versus transient). Finally, we outline the work required to advance in vivo CAR therapy from proof of concept to a robust, scalable technology for clinical testing.

Indexed as

Immunotherapy, AdoptivePrecision MedicineReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAnimalsLiposomesMiceNanoparticlesReceptors, Antigen, T-CellT-LymphocytesLipid NanoparticlesLiposomesReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAAVlentiviral vectorLNPnanoparticleoff the shelfT lymphocyte

Identifiers

PMID35598048
PMCPMC9263322

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.