ArticleJournal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology2022
Lichenoid areas may arise in early stages of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A long-term study of 34 patients.
Article in Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Clinicopathological Study of Marginal Gingival Leukoplakia.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025Article
- Retinoic Acid Profiles in Proliferative Verrucous Versus Homogeneous Leukoplakia: A Preliminary Nested Case-Control Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Cell-mediated mucositis of the oral cavity: narrative review on etiology, clinico-pathological aspects and malignant transformation.Pathologica · 2025Review
- Perspectives on oral chronic graft-versus-host disease from immunobiology to morbid diagnoses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Lichenoid areas may arise in early stages of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A long-term study of 34 patients.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2022Article
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProliferative verrucous leukoplakia is considered an uncommon oral potentially malignant disorder with a high malignant transformation rate. The objective of this paper was to define its cancer incidence and related risk factors.
methodsA retrospective audit of 34 patients diagnosed with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia from a university-based unit, during the period from 1995 to 2019 was performed. The mean number of visits was 23 ± 18.6. The follow-up was divided into four-time intervals to evaluate the clinical presentation, number of lesions, dysplasia grade, and malignant transformation rate.
resultsThe majority of patients were females 29 (85.3%), with verrucous component (77.8%), with a gingival presentation (31.8%), and with a preceding lichenoid area (44.1%). Eleven patients (32.4%) were affected by oral cancer during the follow-up, developing a total of 15 carcinomas. The mean age of malignant transformation was 67.2 ± 12.9 years, particularly 8 ± 8.5 from the onset of the lesions. Warty forms presented a higher mean estimate for malignant transformation (15.2 years, 95% confidence interval 4.4-26 years) than nodular forms (1.9 years, 95% confidence interval 1.9-1.9) (p = 0.019). Patients with an initial proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnosis suffered a higher risk of malignancy, particularly 15.55 times (95% confidence interval 1.69-143.17; p = 0.015) than those who did present a preceding area with lichenoid morphology.
conclusionProliferative verrucous leukoplakia presented a high malignant transformation rate and sometimes displayed preceding oral lichenoid areas in early stages. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of these lichenoid areas in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia progression.
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