SynthesisJournal of autism and developmental disorders2023
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of Experiencing Interpersonal Violence in Autism: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Association between maternal asthma and ASD/ADHD in offspring: A meta-analysis based on observational studies.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of sexual health, knowledge, and behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Gender Dysphoria Measures in Autistic Samples.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in mainland china over the past 6 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Mental health disparities in LGBTQIA+ populations: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Among Youth With Autism and ADHD: A Population-Based Study From Sweden.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Executive function challenges persist into young adulthood and predict mental health outcomes in autism.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- "It's Like a Chain Reaction of Discomfort": A Phenomenological Qualitative Study on the Intersection of Autism and Gender Incongruence in Adolescents.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Nationwide estimates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with gender dysphoria in Sweden, 2001-2023: a register-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in supporting development in autistic children and youth.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Review
- The Intersection of Autism and Gender Diversity in the Canadian Clinical Context: Characterizing a Sample of Adults Referred to Canada's Largest Publicly Funded Adult Gender-Care Service: Intersection de l'autisme et de la diversité des identités de genre dans le contexte clinique canadien : Caractérisation d'un échantillon d'adultes orientés vers le plus grand service de soins en matière d'identité de genre destinés aux adultes financé par le secteur public au Canada.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026Article
- Self-Reported Multidimensional Gender Identity in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- "Utterly Overwhelming"-A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Sensory Processing Differences and Mental Health Experiences in Middle-Aged and Older Autistic Adults.Autism in adulthood · 2026Article
- Gender Diversity, Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence, and the Intersection with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Updated Scoping Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Behavioral Health Assessments and Surgical Readiness Letters for Gender-affirming Surgery: Current Literature, Standards of Care, and Practical Guidance.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Healthcare costs associated with gender dysphoria in children, adolescents and young adults in germany: A prevalence-based analysis using statutory health insurance data.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Associated Factors and Management Difficulties.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Autism Diagnostic Assessments for Gender-Diverse Individuals: A Modified Delphi Study of Clinician Experts in the Fields of Autism and Gender Diversity.JAACAP open · 2026Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g = 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.