ArticleScience advances2022
On-skin paintable biogel for long-term high-fidelity electroencephalogram recording.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Design of Electrodes and Interfaces for Non-Contact and Capacitive Biomedical Measurements: Terminology, Electrical Model, and System Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- A patient-specific, 3D printed neurostimulator enabling focal transcranial electrical stimulation and EEG at home.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biomimetic Hydrogels for Bioelectronics and Human-Machine Interactions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Spiderweb-inspired electronically conductive hygroscopic adhesive for chronic bioelectronic interface.Science advances · 2026Article
- Ultrasoft, adhesive, pH-tunable hydrogel based on in situ functionalized laser-induced graphene for through-hair concurrent biosensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Amphibious Breathable Ionic Skin Enabled by Dynamically Interlocked Star-Shaped Ionic Liquid Telomers.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Stiffness-Switchable Conductive Nanocomposites with Temperature-Invariant Conductivity for Long-Term Brain-Computer Interfaces on Hair-Covered Scalp.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Stretchable, Mechanically-Interlocked Polyrotaxane Hydrogel for Wearable Motion and Electrophysiological Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Vertically Aligned Nanopillar Electrodes: Engineered Interfaces for Electrophysiology and Cell-Electrode Coupling.Small methods · 2026Review
- Source-level motion artifact suppression in wearable electrodes: From underlying mechanisms to advanced strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-integrated multimodal physiological and modulation systems.Materials horizons · 2026Review
- Machine-Learning-Enabled Hydrogel Biosensors for Wearable Health Monitoring.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Controlling thermoreversibility and hole conductivity in thermoresponsive ionic biogels using phase morphology for neurohaptics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Drawn-on-skin electronic tattoo as a closed-loop sensing-stimulation system for the muscles.Science advances · 2026Article
- Systematic Benchmarking of a Noise-Tolerant Conductive Hydrogel Electrode for Epidermal Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bioinspired Cold-Laminated Ultrathin Hydrogels as a Broadly Adaptive Platform for Physiological Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Magnesium phosphate mineralized Ce6 composite hydrogel with photodynamic therapy-mediated antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic properties for application in infected wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Electrochemically Enhanced Low-Impedance TiNano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Conformal and adhesive gel for stable electrophysiology on hairy animals without shaving.Nature communications · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long-term high-fidelity electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are critical for clinical and brain science applications. Conductive liquid-like or solid-like wet interface materials have been conventionally used as reliable interfaces for EEG recording. However, because of their simplex liquid or solid phase, electrodes with them as interfaces confront inadequate dynamic adaptability to hairy scalp, which makes it challenging to maintain stable and efficient contact of electrodes with scalp for long-term EEG recording. Here, we develop an on-skin paintable conductive biogel that shows temperature-controlled reversible fluid-gel transition to address the abovementioned limitation. This phase transition endows the biogel with unique on-skin paintability and in situ gelatinization, establishing conformal contact and dynamic compliance of electrodes with hairy scalp. The biogel is demonstrated as an efficient interface for long-term high-quality EEG recording over several days and for the high-performance capture and classification of evoked potentials. The paintable biogel offers a biocompatible and long-term reliable interface for EEG-based systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.