ArticleCancer medicine2022
Tumor-associated macrophages regulate the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte through PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in multiple myeloma.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-stimulatory signal deficiency impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in tumor immune evasion: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- MM-derived exosomes promote M2 macrophage polarization and immunosuppressive microenvironment: therapeutic opportunities.Blood cancer journal · 2026Article
- SSTNSignal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Macrophage and IL-6 signaling modulate multiple myeloma progression and response to metformin and CAR-T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The impact of CD81 on immune cells and clinical prognosis in multiple myeloma.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- RNA-based cancer vaccines: mechanisms, clinical progress, and translational challenges.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- PI3K Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Affects Myeloma Cells in a Culture-Dependent Manner.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Article
- Review
- Macrophage depletion restores the DRG microenvironment and prevents axon degeneration in bortezomib-induced neuropathy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Advances in immunotherapy of M2 macrophages and gastrointestinal stromal tumor.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- miR-34a promotes the immunosuppressive function of multiple myeloma-associated macrophages by dampening the TLR-9 signaling.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Targeting TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy: recent advances and future directions.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Overcoming anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade resistance: the role of macrophage, neutrophils and mast cells in the tumor microenvironment.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Multiple Myeloma: Key Role in Disease Biology and Potential Therapeutic Implications.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages regulate the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte through PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in multiple myeloma.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are originated from circulating mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. They result from the recruitment of tumor cells and are a vital constituent of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs may be involved in the immunological escape of vicious clonal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) of sufferers with myeloma.
methodsFrom March 2020 to January 2021, 28 healthy controls (HC) and 86 multiple myeloma (MM) (53 newly diagnosed MM [NDMM] and 33 remissions) patients were enrolled as objects of the study. The expression of TAMs in the BM, CSF1 on CD138 + cells, and CSF1R on macrophages were detected by the method of flow cytometry, and the expression of PD-1 on CD8 + T cells and PD-L1 on TAMs were also done. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were extracted and cultured into TAMs, CD8 + T cells were sorted by magnetic beads and cultured, a coculture system was established and different inhibitors were added. The expression of the perforin and granzyme B was detected by flow cytometry.
resultsThe percentage of TAMs in NDMM group (61.49 ± 2.176%) increased when compared with remission (23.08 ± 1.699%, p < 0.001) and HC group (17.95 ± 1.865%, p < 0.001), and TAMs decreased after adding CSF1R inhibitor. Moreover, the expression of CSF1 on CD138 + cells increased significantly in NDMM group (17.090 ± 0.9156%) than remission (8.214 ± 0.5911% p < 0.001), and HC group (5.257 ± 0.6231%, p < 0.001), and CSF1R on macrophages increased significantly in NDMM group (58.78 ± 2.286%) than remission (20.74 ± 1.376%, p < 0.001) and HC group (17.42 ± 1.081%, p < 0.001). The expression of PD-1 on CD8 + T cells in NDMM group (32.64 ± 2.982%) increased than remission (20.35 ± 2.335% p < 0.01) and HC group (17.53 ± 1.349%, p < 0.001), and PD-L1 on TAMs also increased in NDMM group (50.92 ± 2.554%) than remission (20.02 ± 1.893%, p < 0.001) and HC group (13.08 ± 1.289%, p < 0.001). When CD8 + T cells were cocultured with TAMs, the perforin and granzyme B levels decreased significantly. However, the perforin and granzyme B levels were partly restored after adding CSF1R inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody.
conclusionOur study shows that TAMs were increased in MM patients which can inhibit the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) through the PD-1/ PD-L1 signaling pathway and participate in the occurrence of immune escape of myeloma cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.