ArticleInternational journal of immunopathology and pharmacology
Origin of M2 Mϕ and its macrophage polarization by TGF-β in a mice intervertebral injury model.
Article in International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic targeting of myeloid cells in liver fibrosis: Mechanisms and clinical prospects.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- M2 macrophages activate the IL-10/JAK2/STAT3 pathway to induce pathological microangiogenesis in the nucleus pulposus exacerbating intervertebral disc degeneration.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Modic changes: From potential molecular mechanisms to future research directions (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Macrophage expression of constitutively activeHeliyon · 2025Article
- Role of macrophage in intervertebral disc degeneration.Bone research · 2025Review
- Anti-inflammatory Prowess of endothelial progenitor cells in the realm of biology and medicine.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2024Review
- Nucleus pulposus cells regulate macrophages in degenerated intervertebral discs via the integrated stress response-mediated CCL2/7-CCR2 signaling pathway.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Stiffness regulates dendritic cell and macrophage subtype development and increased stiffness induces a tumor-associated macrophage phenotype in cancer co-cultures.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Nucleus Pulposus Cells Induce M2 Polarization of RAW264.7 via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Pathway and M2 Macrophages Promote Proliferation and Anabolism of Nucleus Pulposus Cells.Stem cells international · 2023Article
- Immune exposure: how macrophages interact with the nucleus pulposus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionStudies have identified the presence of M1 and M2 macrophages (Mϕ) in injured intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, the origin and polarization-regulatory factor of M2 Mϕ are not fully understood. TGF-β is a regulatory factor for M2 polarization in several tissues. Here, we investigated the source of M2 Mϕ and the role of TGF-β on M2 polarization using a mice disc-puncture injury model.
methodsTo investigate the origin of M2 macrophages, 30 GFP chimeric mice were created by bone marrow transplantation. IVDs were obtained from both groups on pre-puncture (control) and post-puncture days 1, 3, 7, and 14 and CD86 (M1 marker)- and CD206 (M2 marker)-positive cells evaluated by flow cytometry (
resultsThe proportion of CD86
conclusionOur findings suggest that M2 Mϕ following IVD injury may originate from resident Mϕ. TGF-β is a key factor for M2 polarization of macrophages following IVD injury.
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