ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Immunotherapy in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Present or Future? Multi-Target Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression and Microsatellite Instability.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neoadjuvant Treatment for Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review of Contemporary Evidence.Cancers · 2026Review
- Survivin and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in penile squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features and overall survival.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Microsatellite instability in penile cancer: comparative analysis of primary tumors and metastases.Frontiers in urology · 2026Article
- Identification of new tissue markers for the monitoring and standardization of penile cancer according to the degree of differentiation.Histology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Review
- The role of immunotherapy in targeting tumor microenvironment in genitourinary cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Treatment approaches in advanced penile cancer: targeted therapies and immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Invasive penile glans Squamous Cell Carcinoma (peSCC) and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM): is it a valuable alternative to histopathology?Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced penile cancer: report from the Global Society of Rare Genitourinary Tumors.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Human Papillomavirus Infection in Penile Cancer: Multidimensional Mechanisms and Vaccine Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Programmed death‑ligand 1 expression in tumor cells and tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with depth of tumor invasion in penile cancer.Biomedical reports · 2023Article
- Venous thrombosis, multiple carcinomatous foci and differences in metastatic pathways of penile carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Feasibility and effectiveness of second-line chemotherapy with mitomycin C in patients with advanced penile cancer.Frontiers in urology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Penile cancer (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy, and the patients at advanced stages have currently limited treatment options with disappointing results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are currently changing the treatment of several tumors. Furthermore, the microsatellite instability (MSI) and the deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) proteins represent predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint therapy. Until present, few data have been reported related to PD-L1 expression and MSI in PC. The main aim of our study was the evaluation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in immune cells and the analysis of dMMR/MSI status in a large series of PCs. Methods: A series of 72 PC, including 65 usual squamous cell carcinoma (USCC), 1 verrucous, 4 basaloid, 1 warty, and 1 mixed (warty-basaloid), was collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assess PD-L1 expression using two different anti-PD-L1 antibodies (clone SP263 and SP142 Ventana) and MMR proteins expression using anti-MLH1, anti-PMS2, anti-MSH2, and anti-MSH6 antibodies. PCR analysis was performed for the detection of MSI status. Results: Of the 72 PC cases analyzed by IHC, 45 (62.5%) cases were TC positive and 57 (79%) cases were combined positive score (CPS) using PDL1 SP263. In our cohort, TILs were present in 62 out of 72 cases (86.1%), 47 (75.8%) out of 62 cases showed positivity to PDL1 clone SP142. In our series, 59 cases (82%) had pMMR, 12 cases (16.7%) had lo-paMMR, and only 1 case (1.3%) had MMR. PCR results showed that only one case lo-paMMR was MSI-H, and the case dMMR by IHC not confirmed MSI status. Conclusion: Our findings showed that PD-L1 expression and MSI status represent frequent biological events in this tumor suggesting a rationale for a new frontier in the treatment of patients with PC based on the immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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