ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Call to Action for Enhanced Equity: Racial/Ethnic Diversity and Sex Differences in Stroke Symptoms.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in cerebral infarction in Norway: Analysis of data from the Norwegian Stroke Registry 2018-2022.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Stroke Risk Factors and Mechanisms in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Emergency medical services providers' perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in prehospital identification of stroke- a qualitative study in Norway and Sweden.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals sex differences in the subcellular composition and associated gene-regulatory network activity of human carotid plaques.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on cerebrovascular diseases in the Sao Paulo region of Brazil.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Stroke Experiences and Unmet Needs of Individuals of African Descent Living in High-Income Economy Countries: a Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Review
- Sex-specific racial and ethnic variations in short-term outcomes among patients with first or recurrent ischemic stroke: Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program, 2016-2020.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2024Article
- The truth about 17-beta estradiol: menopause beyond "old wives' tales".Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Editorial: A year in review: discussions in developmental endocrinology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Incidence, lethality, and post-stroke functional status in different Brazilian macro-regions: The SAMBA study (analysis of stroke in multiple Brazilian areas).Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Sex and the basal mRNA synthesis machinery.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNAReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Fundamental aspects of human identity may play a role in the presentation of stroke symptoms and, consequently, stroke recognition. Strokes must be recognized and treated expeditiously, as delays result in poorer outcomes. It is known that sex plays a role in the presentation of symptoms, such that non-traditional symptoms are more commonly observed among women. However, factors such as geographical location and race/ethnicity, and the interactions between these various factors, need to be considered. This will provide an intersectional approach. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted to investigate differences in the presentation of stroke symptoms between sexes. Using PubMed and Embase, a search involving the components sex, symptoms and stroke was completed and yielded 26 full-text manuscripts. Results: Our findings indicate that there is substantial overlap in stroke symptom presentation in men and women. Nonetheless, some differences in the clinical manifestations of stroke were observed. In addition, it was discovered that only three studies were conducted outside of North America and Europe. Furthermore, only two studies reported symptoms based on both sex and racial/ethnic group. Conclusion: These findings indicate a research gap and call for increased research in order to uncover the possible interactions between sex and race/ethnicity in an intersectional approach. Resultantly, stroke recognition could be improved and greater equity in healthcare can be achieved.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.