ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Development of an IoT Electrostimulator with Closed-Loop Control.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human-machine Interface using functional electrostimulation and inertial sensors for lower limb rehabilitation in spinal cord injury individuals: a proof of concept.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Sensorimotor perturbation-induced cortical responses by a novel PES system: analysis of the N1 component in healthy adults and Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- IoT-Based Wireless System for Gait Kinetics Monitoring in Multi-Device Therapeutic Interventions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development and Validation of an IoT Neurostimulator for the Treatment of Neurogenic Bladder.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most used approach in the motor rehabilitation of spinal cord injury is functional electrical stimulation. However, current devices do not provide real-time feedback, work in the closed-loop, and became remotely operable. In this scenario, this paper presents the development of an open access 4-channel IoT electrostimulator device with an inertial sensor. The electrostimulator circuit was designed with four modules: Boost Converter, H-bridge, Inertial Measurement Unit, and Processing Module. The firmware was implemented in the processing module to manage the modules to perform closed-loop stimulation (using PID controller). To perform the proof of concept of the device, a closed loop test was performed to control the ankle joint, performing the movements of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion. The designed hardware allowed one to freely change the boost converter voltage and modulate the signal with 200 μs of pulse duration and 50 Hz of period in a safe and stable way. Furthermore, the controller was able to move the ankle joint in all desired directions following the reference values and respecting the imposed constraints. In general, the developed hardware was able to safely control a closed-loop joint.
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Registered trials
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