Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35591099›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Ballistic Deficit Pulse Processing in Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Pixel Detectors for High-Flux X-ray Measurements.

Antonino Buttacavoli, Fabio Principato, Gaetano Gerardi, Manuele Bettelli, Andrea Zappettini, Paul Seller, Matthew C Veale, Silvia Zanettini, Leonardo Abbene

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Antonino ButtacavoliDepartment of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Fabio PrincipatoDepartment of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2787-0877
Gaetano GerardiDepartment of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Manuele BettelliIMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4062-3782
Andrea ZappettiniIMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6916-2716
Paul SellerUKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
Matthew C VealeUKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5457-4884
Silvia Zanettinidue2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, 42019 Scandiano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4330-0831
Leonardo AbbeneDepartment of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-flux X-ray measurements with high-energy resolution and high throughput require the mitigation of pile-up and dead time effects. The reduction of the time width of the shaped pulses is a key approach, taking into account the distortions from the ballistic deficit, non-linearity, and time instabilities. In this work, we will present the performance of cadmium−zinc−telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors equipped with digital shapers faster than the preamplifier peaking times (ballistic deficit pulse processing). The effects on energy resolution, throughput, energy-linearity, time stability, charge sharing, and pile-up are shown. The results highlight the absence of time instabilities and high-energy resolution (<4% FWHM at 122 keV) when ballistic deficit pulse processing (dead time of 90 ns) was used in CZT pixel detectors. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of spectroscopic imagers for medical applications (mammography, computed tomography) and non-destructive testing in the food industry.

Indexed as

CadmiumTelluriumX-RaysZincCadmiumCdZnTeTelluriumZincCdTe detectorsCZT detectorsX-ray and gamma ray detectors

Identifiers

PMID35591099
PMCPMC9103549

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.