SynthesisSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Skin Pigmentation Influence on Pulse Oximetry Accuracy: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis.
Synthesis in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06101628 (Effect of Gel Nail Application on Pulse Oximetry Measurements in Healthy Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Gel Nail Application on Pulse Oximetry Measurements in Healthy Individuals
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated versus non-automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults and children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of Apgar scores & cyanosis in Black, Asian, and ethnic minority infants.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Skin Pigmentation on Pulse Oximetry Blood Oxygenation and Wearable Pulse Rate Accuracy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of skin tone on the accuracy of the estimation of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry: a systematic review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2024Pooled it
- Brazilian Guideline for Exercise Test in the Adult Population - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Wearable Sensing for Clinical Physiology Monitoring: Emerging Paradigms.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- How Valid Are Wearable Devices in Team Sports? A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Carboxyhemoglobin tracks acute arterial desaturation in healthy volunteers: a pooled analysis of four controlled desaturation studies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of PaOIndian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Wearable and Implantable Devices for Continuous Monitoring of Muscle Physiological Activity: A Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Cause, effect, and remediation of melanin-associated bias in pulse oximetry.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Assessing Clinical Deterioration in Children With Dark-Coloured Skin: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Redefining Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A New Clinical Perspective.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Pulse Oximeters: Accuracy and Artifacts.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Reducing bias and enhancing equity in AI-enabled precision nutrition: addressing measurement error across wearables, multiomics, and dietary data.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Review
- Near-infrared-II pulsed laser diode array for spectral photoacoustic imaging of deep tissue oxygenation.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Evaluation of skin pigmentation effect on photoplethysmography signals using a vascular finger phantom with tunable optical and mechanical properties.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Image Extraction in Neonatal Echocardiography for Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for Model Development.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Photoplethysmography in Diverse Skin Tones: Evaluating Bias in Smartwatch Health Monitoring.Cureus · 2025Review
- Non-Invasive Estimation of Haemoglobin in Pregnancy: Assessing Accuracy and the Effect of Skin Pigmentation.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Nowadays, pulse oximetry has become the standard in primary and intensive care units, especially as a triage tool during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, a deeper understanding of the measurement errors that can affect precise readings is a key element in clinical decision-making. Several factors may influence the accuracy of pulse oximetry, such as skin color, body temperature, altitude, or patient movement. The skin pigmentation effect on pulse oximetry accuracy has long been studied reporting some contradictory conclusions. Recent studies have shown a positive bias in oxygen saturation measurements in patients with darkly pigmented skin, particularly under low saturation conditions. This review aims to study the literature that assesses the influence of skin pigmentation on the accuracy of these devices. We employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to conduct a systematic review retrospectively since February 2022 using WOS, PubMed, and Scopus databases. We found 99 unique references, of which only 41 satisfied the established inclusion criteria. A bibliometric and scientometrics approach was performed to examine the outcomes of an exhaustive survey of the thematic content and trending topics.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.