Observational studyInternational journal of obesity (2005)2022
In-utero co-exposure to toxic metals and micronutrients on childhood risk of overweight or obesity: new insight on micronutrients counteracting toxic metals.
Observational study in International journal of obesity (2005), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03228875 (Early Life Origins of Pediatric and Adult Diseases), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Life Origins of Pediatric and Adult Diseases: Boston Birth Cohort Study
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Joint Associations of Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Metal Mixtures with Adiposity in Childhood and Adolescence.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Maternal environmental exposure and early-life health risks: The modulating role of nutritional status-A scoping review.iScience · 2026Review
- Metal Pollution in the Air and Its Effects on Vulnerable Populations: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Early Life Exposure To Multiple Metals, Nutrition, and Growth in Children - A Scoping Review.Current environmental health reports · 2025Article
- Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, in-utero exposure to toxic heavy metals, and offspring age at peak height velocity: A prospective birth cohort study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Fetal exposure to toxic metals (mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic) via intrauterine blood transfusions.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Synergistic Effect of β-Cryptoxanthin and Epigallocatechin Gallate on Obesity Reduction.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and childhood temporal processing in the PROGRESS Birth Cohort Study: Modification by childhood obesity.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Early Life Origins of Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes in Boston Birth Cohort: Review of Findings and Future directions.Precision nutrition · 2023Article
- Association between Heavy Metals, Metalloids and Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights and Approaches.Toxics · 2023Review
- Defining longitudinal trajectory of body mass index percentile and predicting childhood obesity: methodologies and findings in the Boston Birth Cohort.Precision nutrition · 2023Article
- Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Synergistic Effects of Green Tea Catechins and Citrus β-Cryptoxanthin Ingestion in Obese Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Estimating Causal Effects of Interventions on Early-life Environmental Exposures Using Observational Data.Current environmental health reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesLow-level, in-utero exposure to toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) is widespread in the US and worldwide; and, individually, was found to be obesogenic in children. To address the literature gaps on the health effects of co-exposure to low-level toxic metals and the lack of intervention strategy, we aimed to investigate the association between in-utero co-exposure to Hg, Pb, cadmium (Cd) and childhood overweight or obesity (OWO) and whether adequate maternal micronutrients (selenium (Se) and folate) can be protective. SUBJECTS/
methodsThis study included 1442 mother-child pairs from the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low-income, Black, and Hispanic population, who were enrolled at birth and followed prospectively up to age 15 years. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was applied to estimate individual and joint effects of exposures to metals and micronutrients on childhood OWO while adjusting for pertinent covariables. Stratified analyses by maternal OWO and micronutrient status were performed to identify sensitive subgroups.
resultsIn this sample of understudied US children, low-level in-utero co-exposure to Hg, Pb, and Cd was widespread. Besides individual positive associations of maternal Hg and Pb exposure with offspring OWO, BKMR clearly indicated a positive dose-response association between in-utero co-exposure to the three toxic metals and childhood OWO. Notably, the metal mixture-OWO association was more pronounced in children born to mothers with OWO; and in such a setting, the association was greatly attenuated if mothers had higher Se and folate levels.
conclusionsIn this prospective cohort of US children at high-risk of toxic metal exposure and OWO, we demonstrated that among children born to mothers with OWO, low-level in-utero co-exposure to Hg, Pb, and Cd increased the risk of childhood OWO; and that adequate maternal Se and folate levels mitigated the risk of childhood OWO. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE WHERE IT WAS OBTAINED: NCT03228875.
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