Observational studyBMJ open2022
Factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres 3 months post-vaccination with the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine: a longitudinal observational cohort study in western Greece.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04954651 (Assessment of the Immunization Levels Against Sars-Cov2 Virus in Subjects Who Have Received European Union), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of the Immunization Levels Against Sars-Cov2 Virus in Subjects Who Have Received European Union (EU) -Approved COVID-19 Vaccines
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Micronutrients and omega-3 PUFAs to promote healthy ageing: informing a physiology-based complementation strategy.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Vitamin D in Gut and Systemic Immune Tolerance and in Infections' Risk: An International Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Level and Antibody Response to the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine in Pregnant Women.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- A scoping review: the impact of nutritional status on the efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- Vitamin D: A Nutraceutical Supplement at the Crossroad Between Respiratory Infections and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Correlation between SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and the hormones DHEA, cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Baseline Gut Microbiota Was Associated with Long-Term Immune Response at One Year Following Three Doses of BNT162b2.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Poor immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with hypertension.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Persistence of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines among participants in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership.Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- Interactive effect of booster vaccination and vitamin D status on antibody production of Omicron variant-infected adults: A real-world cohort study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Serological response 5 months after the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in patients with various hematological disorders in Japan.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2023Article
- Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin A Levels on the Response to COVID-19 Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Age, Sex and BMI Relations with Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG Antibodies after BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Health Care Workers in Northern Greece.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Humoral and Cellular Response and Associated Variables Nine Months following BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and hypertension: an updated report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension project team on COVID-19.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesVaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively deployed during COVID-19 pandemic. One efficient method to evaluate response to vaccination is the assessment of humoral immunity by measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres. We investigated the association between anthropometric parameters (age, body mass index), smoking, diabetes, statin use, hypertension, levels of 25(OH)D and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres after vaccination.
designIn this longitudinal observational cohort study, 712 subjects were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 3 months after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify which factors are associated with the antibody titres.
settingHealthcare units of western Greece (University Hospital of Patras and "St Andrews" State General Hospital of Patras).
participantsAll adults receiving their second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine at the participating healthcare units were eligible to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were SARS-CoV-2 infection or positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody titre at baseline. Patients who did not provide all necessary information were excluded from our analyses.
resultsWe found age to be negatively associated with antibody titre (-0.005; 95% CI -0.009 to -0.001, p=0.0073), as was male gender (-0.11; 95% CI -0.1738 to -0.04617, p=0.0008). The interaction of age and gender was significant (-0.01090; 95% CI -0.01631 to -0.005490, p<0.0001), highlighting that the rate of decline in antibody titre with increasing age tends to be higher in men rather than in women. No linear trend was found between DHEAS levels and antibody titres when the lower quartile of DHEAS levels was used as reference. Tobacco use was associated with low antibody titre (-0.1097; 95% CI -0.174 to -0.046, p=0.0008) but overweight, obese or underweight subjects had similar antibody responses to normal-weight individuals. Although subjects with diabetes and hypertension had numerically lower antibody titres, this association was not statistically significant. Vitamin D levels showed no clear relationships with antibody titres.
conclusionsAge, male gender and tobacco use are negatively associated with antibody titres after COVID-19 vaccination, but our data showed no clear correlation with vitamin D levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04954651; Results.
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