ArticleBMJ open2022
Association of different kinds of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Magnitude, patterns, and determinant factors of diabetic macular edema among people with diabetes at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2025: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio is negatively associated with diabetic macular edema in type 2 diabetic patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Predicting the need for diabetic macular oedema treatment from photographic screening in the Singapore Integrated Diabetic Retinopathy Programme (SiDRP).Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- The potential role of adipokines and hepatokines in age-related ocular diseases.Metabolism open · 2025Review
- Potential Association Between Atherogenic Coefficient, Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Various Obesity Indices in Diabetic Nephropathy.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association Between Pentraxins and Obesity in Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a model that predicts the risk of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Prognostic Nutritional Index, Glasgow Prognostic Score, and Different Obesity-Related Indices in People with Diabetes or Prediabetes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The relationship between dietary phytochemical index and novel anthropometric indices and the severity of diabetic foot ulcers in adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors as Independent Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: The Development of a Predictive Model.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Type 2 diabetes: is obesity for diabetic retinopathy good or bad? A cross-sectional study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
- Association of Visceral Obesity Indices With Incident Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Research progress on ocular complications caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the function of tears and blepharons.Open life sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- What else can we do to prevent diabetic retinopathy?Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Association of Obesity Indices with Diabetic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
- Comparison of Clinical Profiles, Demographics, and Surgical Outcomes of 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Young Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Trends of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to high body mass index from 1990 to 2019 in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAlthough obesity is one of the established risk factors of diabetes mellitus, the relationship between obesity and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear in different studies. This study aimed to investigate the association of DR with four obesity-related indexes, including body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and body adiposity index (BAI) in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe prospectively enrolled 2305 patients with diabetes (2305 eyes) in the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study between November 2017 and December 2019 to investigate the prevalence and the association of different types of obesity with DR using BMI, WHR, WHtR and BAI. DR, diabetic macular oedema (DME) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR) were selected as primary outcomes. BMI was categorised as normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m
resultsA total of 336 (14.58%), 93 (4.03%) and 98 (4.25%) developed DR, DME and VTDR, respectively. The prevalence of DR, DME and VTDR was higher in patients with higher BMI/WHR or lower WHtR/BAI. In the univariate regression model, WHR correlated positively with DR, while WHtR and BAI correlated negatively with DR, DME and VTDR. The association remained independent of age, sex and lipid metabolism parameters. In the multivariate model, obese presented as a protective factor for DME and VTDR, while the second quarter of WHtR(Q2-WHtR) presented as a risk factor.
conclusionsAs high as 67.8% of patients with diabetes were overweight or obese. Obese presented as a significant protective factor of VTDR, while Q2-WHtR presented as a significant risk factor. Therefore, more attention should be paid to centripetal obesity as well as general obesity. Further research is also needed to focus on the improvement of sex-specific weight management in patients with diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.