ArticleRMD open2022
Sjögren's and non-Sjögren's sicca share a similar symptom burden but with a distinct symptom-associated proteomic signature.
Article in RMD open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Construction of a nomogram for anxiety and depression in patients with Sjögren's syndrome by combining tongue and pulse characteristics: a cross-sectional study based on a prospective cohort.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- Cytokine Networks and Clinical Heterogeneity in Sjögren's Disease: From Glandular Inflammation to Therapeutic Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sjögren Disease-B Cells at the Brink: From Autoimmunity to Lymphomagenesis and the Rise of Novel B Cell-Targeted Therapies.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Impact of smoking status on Sjögren's disease diagnosis and phenotype: results from a cohort study with matched population controls.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Clinical features and pathogenesis of Sjogrens disease related peripheral neuropathy and their relevance to clinical trials.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on risk and disease activity of Sjögren's disease.RMD open · 2026Article
- Hormonal risk factors and androgen and glucocorticoid dysregulation in Sjogren's disease and non-Sjogren's sicca.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Ayurvedic management of Non-Sjögren's Dry Eye (Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Agreement between glandular ultrasonography and histopathology of minor salivary glands in adults with sicca syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Deleting Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase 2 in Salivary Gland Ductal Epithelial Cells Recapitulates Non-Sjögren's Sicca Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- OHIP-14 Scores in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome Compared to Sicca Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.International journal of dentistry · 2024Review
- Deciphering the role of cDC2s in Sjögren's syndrome: transcriptomic profile links altered antigen processes with IFN signature and autoimmunity.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesGiven the similarity in symptoms between primary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and non-SjS sicca syndrome (sicca), we sought to characterise clinical and proteomic predictors of symptoms in both groups in order to better understand disease mechanisms and help guide development of immunomodulatory treatments. These have not, to date, unequivocally improved symptoms in SjS clinical trials.
methodsSerum proteomics was performed using O-link inflammation and cardiovascular II panels. SjS (n=53) fulfilled 2016 ACR/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) criteria whereas sicca (n=60) were anti-Ro negative, displayed objective or subjective dryness, and either had a negative salivary gland biopsy or, in the absence of a biopsy, it was considered that a biopsy result would not change classification status. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the key predictors of symptoms. Cluster analysis was completed using protein expression values.
resultsEULAR-Sjögren's-Syndrome-Patient-Reported-Index (ESSPRI), EuroQoL-5 Dimension utility values, and anxiety and depression did not differ between SjS and sicca. Correlations between body mass index (BMI) and ESSPRI were found in sicca and to a lesser extent in SjS. Twenty proteins positively associated with symptoms in sicca but none in SjS. We identified two proteomically defined subgroups in sicca and two in SjS that differed in symptom burden. Within hierarchical clustering of the SjS and sicca pool, the highest symptom burden groups were the least distinct. Levels of adrenomedullin (ADM), soluble CD40 (CD40) and spondin 2 (SPON2) together explained 51% of symptom variability in sicca. ADM was strongly correlated with ESSPRI (spearman's r=0.62; p<0.0001), even in a multivariate model corrected for BMI, age, objective dryness, depression and anxiety scores.
conclusionsObesity-related metabolic factors may regulate symptoms in sicca. Further work should explore non-inflammatory drivers of high symptom burden in SjS to improve clinical trial outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.