ArticleBMJ global health2022
Estimating the threshold of health workforce densities towards universal health coverage in Africa.
Article in BMJ global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impacts of task shifting on the management and treatment of malnourished children in Northern Kenya: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Health policy and planning · 2024Trial
- Health impacts of expanding the health workforce across cadres under an incremental budget in Malawi.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Assessing quality of childbirth care provided by skilled health personnel in Exemplar countries.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Organisation of health services for the delivery of primary health care in the WHO African region: a future perspective.The Lancet. Primary care · 2026Review
- Hidden inequities in universal health coverage: determinants of health insurance underutilization in Indonesia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Employed but Unpaid, Volunteers or Paradoxical Surplus? Sierra Leone's Unsalaried Health Workforce.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Measuring health financing vulnerability due to reductions in official development assistance: A conceptual framework with empirical application across 47 African countries.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Beyond seed funding: why Nigerian digital health startups struggle to grow.Health economics review · 2025Review
- Primary healthcare readiness for nutritionally at-risk infants aged under 6 months: a facility-based survey in Senegal.International health · 2025Article
- Optimizing the health workforce for Universal Health Coverage: a framework for analysis and action.Human resources for health · 2025Article
- Geographical coverage and dominant socio-demographic profiles of community health workers in Togo.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Assessing the health workforce in Afghanistan: a situational analysis into the country's capacity for Universal health coverage.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and access to disability inclusive social protection services in Somalia: status, gaps, and policy implications (a secondary re-analysis of survey data).The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Ballpark Estimates of Budget Space for Health Workforce Investments in the 47 Countries of the WHO African Region: A Modelling Study.Health services insights · 2025Article
- Ectopic pregnancy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Awareness and capacities of 103 countries to address antimicrobial resistance from 2017 to 2020.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The impact of the nurse practice environment, workload, and professional support on job outcomes and standards of care at primary health care clinics in South Africa: A structural equation model approach.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2024Article
- Projected health workforce requirements and shortage for addressing the disease burden in the WHO Africa Region, 2022-2030: a needs-based modelling study.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Health workforce needs in Malawi: analysis of the Thanzi La Onse integrated epidemiological model of care.Human resources for health · 2024Article
- Utilization of Antenatal Care and Skilled Birth Delivery Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere have been past efforts to develop benchmarks for health workforce (HWF) needs across countries which have been helpful for advocacy and planning. Still, they have neither been country-specific nor disaggregated by cadre-primarily due to data inadequacies. This paper presents an analysis to estimate a threshold of 13 cadres of HWF density to support the progressive realisation of universal health coverage (UHC).
methodUsing UHC service coverage as the outcome measure, a two-level structural equation model was specified and analysed in STATA V.16. In the first level of structural equations, health expenditure per capita-one of the cross-cutting inputs for UHC, was used to explain the critical inputs for service delivery/coverage. In the second level of the model, the critical inputs for service delivery were used to explain the UHC Service Coverage Index (UHC SCI), in which the contribution of the HWF was 'partial out'.
resultsThe analysis found that a unit increase in the HWF density per 10 000 population is positively associated with statistically significant improvements in the UHC SCI of countries (β=0.127, p<0.001). Similarly, a positive and statistically significant association was established between diagnostic readiness and the UHC SCI (β=0.243, p=0.015). Essential medicines readiness was positively correlated but not statistically significant (β=0.053, p=0.658). Controlling for other variables, a density of 134.23 per 10 000 population across 13 HWF categories is necessary to attain at least 70% UHC SCI.
conclusionConsistent with current knowledge, the HWF is a significant predictor of the UHC SCI. Attaining at least 70% of the UHC SCI requires about 134.23 health workers (a mix of 13 cadres) per 10 000 population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.