SynthesisJournal of medical virology2022
Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 breakthrough infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in the Elderly: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 breakthrough infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis and systematic review.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyPooled it
- Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections broaden the repertoire of Spike-reactive CD4 T cells.mBio · 2026Article
- Breakthrough Infection and Death after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Physics Perspective.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2025Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Disease (COVAD) study.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Modeling mortality prediction in older adults with dementia receiving COVID-19 vaccination.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection and the evaluation of safety precaution practice before and after vaccination among healthcare workers in South West, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The effect of COVID-19 vaccination status on all-cause mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Hungary during the delta wave of the pandemic.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Prevalence of COVID-19 Among 8000 Patients at a Hospitalized and Mortality in Old Age.Current aging science · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Re-Infections and Clinical Characteristics: A Two-Year Retrospective Study in a Large University Hospital Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- A formative research to explore the programmatic approach of vaccinating the Rohingya refugees and host communities against COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- A retrospective cohort study of incidence and risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among fully vaccinated people.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
- Association between COVID-19 vaccination and critical outcomes among older adults with dementia: a comparative cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Multimorbidity and Frailty Are the Key Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Breakthrough Infection during Delta Variant Predominance in Italy: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To provide a comparative meta-analysis and systematic review of the risk and clinical outcomes of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Eighteen studies of COVID-19 infections in fully vaccinated ("breakthrough infections") and unvaccinated individuals were reviewed from Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The meta-analysis examined the summary effects and between-study heterogeneity regarding differences in the risk of infection, hospitalization, treatments, and mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. he overall risk of infection was lower for the fully vaccinated compared to that of the unvaccinated (relative risk [RR] 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.21), especially for variants other than Delta (Delta: RR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13-0.65; other variants: RR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04-0.08). The risk of asymptomatic infection was not statistically significantly different between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated (RR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.27-1.19). There were neither statistically significant differences in risk of hospitalization (RR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.38-2.93), invasive mechanical ventilation (RR 1.65, 95% CI: 0.90-3.06), or mortality (RR 1.19, 95% CI: 0.79-1.78). Conversely, the risk of supplemental oxygen during hospitalization was significantly higher for the unvaccinated (RR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08-1.82). Unvaccinated people were more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection than fully vaccinated for all variants. Once infected, there were no statistically significant differences in the risk of hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation, or mortality. Still, unvaccinated showed an increased need for oxygen supplementation. Further prospective analysis, including patients' risk factors, COVID-19 variants, and the utilized treatment strategies, would be warranted.
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