ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Content and Density by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Young Children.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of exercise on bone mass and bone metabolism in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Pooled it
- Real-World Efficacy of Weekly Somatrogon on Growth and Bone Health in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency: A 12-Month Retrospective Cohort StudyJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Adherence to Chinese Dietary Guidelines Is Associated with Better Bone Status in School-Aged Children and Adolescents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Low BMD is uncommon in pediatric mastocytosis: a DEXA- based cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical and Genetic Characterization of Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Japanese Patients: Outcomes of Sequential Bisphosphonate Therapy.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Review
- Performance of an automated sleep scoring approach for actigraphy data in children and adolescents.Sleep · 2026Article
- Association between the cartilage volume and bone mineral density in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and the mediating role of bone mineral content.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- The effects of combined endurance training of different intensities and resistance training on bone mineral density, microstructure and mechanical properties of rats.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Associations of ethnicity, skin tone, and genome-wide sequencing with bone mineral density in adolescents.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Mid-Childhood Plasma Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Modifiable Lifestyle Factors, and Bone Mineral Density Through Late Adolescence.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Pediatric and adult osteoporosis: a contrasting mirror.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2024Article
- Age-related trajectory of bone density in children with intestinal failure: A longitudinal retrospective cohort study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2023Article
- Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Content and Density by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Young Children.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Pediatric Lateral Distal Femur Reference Ranges for Ages 1 to 18 years.Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical DensitometryArticle
- A Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy-sponsored International Workshop Report on Endocrine and Bone Issues in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An Ever-changing Landscape.Journal of neuromuscular diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAssessment of bone health in young children has been hampered by limited reference values for bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
objectivesTo identify age, sex, and population ancestry effects on BMC and aBMD and develop smoothed reference ranges for BMC and aBMD in young children. To quantify precision of bone measurements and influence of height-for-age Z-scores on bone Z-scores.
methodsWe recruited 484 healthy children ages 1 to 2 years or 4.5 to 5 years at 2 clinical centers, who were seen once or up to 7 times over a 3-year period. Lumbar spine, distal forearm, and whole-body subtotal (ages ≥ 3 years) BMC and aBMD were measured by DXA. These data were combined with data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study from children ages 5 to 8.9 years to create the smoothed reference curves.
resultsFor 1- to 5-year-olds, BMC and aBMD at all skeletal sites increased with age. Age trends differed by sex for BMC and aBMD of the spine, distal one-third radius, ultradistal radius, and by ancestry (Black vs non-Black) for all measures. BMC and aBMD precision (% coefficient of variation) ranged from 1.0% to 4.4%. Height Z-scores were positively associated with bone Z-scores and accounted for 4% to 45% of the variance.
conclusionsWe demonstrate the feasibility of bone density measurements in young children and provide robust reference ranges and stature adjustments for calculation of bone Z-scores at multiple skeletal sites to enable bone health assessments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.