ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2022
Novel Insight into the Relationship Between Muscle-Fat and Bone in Type 2 Diabetes Ranging from Normal Weight to Obesity.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of obesity on post-surgical recovery and functional outcomes in rotator cuff tear repair.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Association of body composition with bone mineral density and fracture in diabetic elderly: Results from AHAP study.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- The association between lipid accumulation product and osteoporosis in American adults: analysis from NHANES dataset.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
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Abstract
Objective: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a common complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Body weight, mainly consisting of muscle and fat, is the main determinant of BMD and fracture risks but does not accurately describe nutritional status. Most studies suggest that skeletal muscle mass (SMM) promotes BMD, while body fat mass (BFM) decreases BMD. However, the combined effect of SMM and BFM on BMD is elusive. Thus, the study aims to explore the combined effect of fat and muscle by the ratio index SMM/BFM on BMD in T2DM. Methods: BFM and SMM were measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method among 593 T2DM individuals ranging from normal weight and obesity. BMD was analyzed by DXA. Novel non-linear generalized additive models (GAMs) were used as the statistical analysis method. Results: The results demonstrated that BMD T score/Z score of both femur and lumbar vertebrae were significantly higher and waist-hip ratio (WHR) was significantly lower in the high SMM/BFM group of both normal weight and overweight groups in T2DM individuals. Hence, SMM/BFM might be a good factor indicating BMD in different weight ranges. Additionally, the relationship between muscle fat and BMD was not linear. Notably, this correlation was not influenced by hyperglycemia in T2DM since different analytic models adjusted with the age, gender, BMI and HbA1c were adopted in this study. Furthermore, the impact of trunk fat (central, visceral fat most) and non-trunk fat (peripheral, the sum of subcutaneous limb fat most) on BMD was inconsistent. BMD presented unlimited reduction with trunk BFM increasing, while sustaining minimal diminishment with non-trunk BFM accumulation. Conclusion: Our study provided a novel viewpoint relationship between muscle-fat and bone, and SMM/BFM might be a potential biomarker for bone health and clinical treatments of diabetes and related metabolic syndromes.
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