Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35585915›Full record

ArticleNorth American Spine Society journal2022

Bicycle-related cervical spine injuries.

Svend Filip Eng, Ingar Næss, Hege Linnerud, Pål Rønning, Tor Brommeland, Magnus Evjensvold, Terje Sundstrøm, Pål Galteland, Mats Døving, Mads Aarhus and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in North American Spine Society journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Occipital condyle fractures revisited.Emergency radiology · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Svend Filip EngDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Ingar NæssDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Hege LinnerudDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Pål RønningDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Tor BrommelandDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Magnus EvjensvoldDepartment of Neuroradiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Terje SundstrømDepartment of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Pål GaltelandDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Mats DøvingDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Mads AarhusDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Eirik HelsethDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Jon Ramm-PettersenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Oslo University Hospital · NOHaukeland University Hospital · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Bicyclists are vulnerable road users. The aim of this paper was to describe all bicycle-related traumatic cervical spine injuries (CSIs) in the South-East region of Norway (2015-2019), and to investigate whether certain types of CSIs are typical for bicyclists. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected registry data of all CSIs in the South-East region of Norway (3.0 million inhabitants), from 2015 to 2019. Patient characteristics, injury types, and treatment were summarized with descriptive statistics. Bayesian multivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential factors associated with occipital condyle fractures (OC-Fx) or odontoid fractures (OFx). Results: During the five-year study period, 2,162 patients with CSIs were registered, and 261 (12%) were bicycle-related. The incidence of bicycle-related CSIs was 1.7/100,000 person-years. The median age of the patients with bicycle-related CSIs was 55 (IQR: 22) years, 83% were male, 71% used a helmet, 16% were influenced by ethanol, 12% had a concomitant cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), and 64% sustained multiple traumas. The three most common bicycle-related CSIs were C6/C7 fracture (Fx) (28%), occipital condyle Fx (OC-Fx) (23%) and C5/C6 Fx (19%). Patients with bicycle-related CSIs compared to patients with non-bicycle related CSIs were younger, more often male, had fewer comorbidities, more likely multiple traumas, more often had OC-Fx, and less often sustained an odontoid fracture (OFx). Multivariable logistic regression of potential risk factors for OC-Fx demonstrated a significantly increased risk of OC-Fx for bicyclists compared to non-bicyclists (OR=2.8).The primary treatment for bicycle-related CSIs was external immobilization in 187/261 (71.6%) cases, open surgical fixation in 44/261 (16.8%), and no treatment in 30/261 (11.5%). Conclusion: Bicycle crashes are a frequent cause of CSIs in the Norwegian population and should be of concern to the public society. The three most common bicycle-related CSIs were C6/C7 fracture, occipital condyle fracture and C5/C6 fracture.

Indexed as

ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusBicyclingcSCI, Cervical spinal cord injuryCSI, Cervical spine injuryFx, FractureGCS, Glasgow coma scaleMultiple trauma was defined as a simultaneous TBI (mild, moderate, or severe according to HISS) and/or imaging-proven (X-ray, CT, or ultrasound) injury in one or more of the following regions: face, thoracolumbar spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis or extremities. Skin injuries were not registeredOccipital condyle fractureOC-Fx, Occipital condyle fractureOFx, Odontoid fractureOUH-U, Oslo University Hospital, UllevålPublic healthSpineSurgeryTBI, Traumatic brain injuryTrauma

Identifiers

PMID35585915
PMCPMC9108519
OpenAlexW4225114554

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.