ArticleBMC microbiology2022
Using unique ORFan genes as strain-specific identifiers for Escherichia coli.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of ceftiofur administration andmSystems · 2026Article
- Intestinal colonization of weaner pigs by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-encoding Escherichia coli classified for differential host-association using a phylogenetics-based approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrative transcriptomic and network analysis reveals small open reading frames associated with cellular adaptive responsees and methylation-linked pathogenicity in Leptospira interrogans.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Evidence of ESBL plasmid transfer and selective persistence of multiple host-associatedApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Candidate orphan genes: Reassessing uniqueness.PloS one · 2025Article
- Identification and specificity validation of unique and antimicrobial resistance genes to trace suspected pathogenic AMR bacteria and to monitor the development of AMR in non-AMR strains in the environment and clinical settings.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBacterial identification at the strain level is a much-needed, but arduous and challenging task. This study aimed to develop a method for identifying and differentiating individual strains among multiple strains of the same bacterial species. The set used for testing the method consisted of 17 Escherichia coli strains picked from a collection of strains isolated in Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom and Vietnam from humans, cattle, swine, wild boars, and chickens. We targeted unique or rare ORFan genes to address the problem of selective and specific strain identification. These ORFan genes, exclusive to each strain, served as templates for developing strain-specific primers.
resultsMost of the experimental strains (14 out of 17) possessed unique ORFan genes that were used to develop strain-specific primers. The remaining three strains were identified by combining a PCR for a rare gene with a selection step for isolating the experimental strains. Multiplex PCR allowed the successful identification of the strains both in vitro in spiked faecal material in addition to in vivo after experimental infections of pigs and recovery of bacteria from faecal material. In addition, primers for qPCR were also developed and quantitative readout from faecal samples after experimental infection was also possible.
conclusionsThe method described in this manuscript using strain-specific unique genes to identify single strains in a mixture of strains proved itself efficient and reliable in detecting and following individual strains both in vitro and in vivo, representing a fast and inexpensive alternative to more costly methods.
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Registered trials
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