Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35584877›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2022

Divergent decennial trends in mental health according to age reveal poorer mental health for young people: repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys from the HUNT Study, Norway.

Steinar Krokstad, Daniel Albert Weiss, Morten Austheim Krokstad, Vegar Rangul, Kirsti Kvaløy, Jo Magne Ingul, Ottar Bjerkeset, Jean Twenge, Erik R Sund

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
15.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Under-25s show the clearest post-2021 rebound in mental health: HILDA 2001-2024.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2026
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  20. Mental Disorders and Having a First Child Among Young Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Steinar KrokstadHUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway steinar.krokstad@ntnu.no.ORCID 0000-0002-2932-6675
Daniel Albert WeissFaculty of Social Sciences, Nord Universitetet, Bodo, Norway.
Morten Austheim KrokstadFaculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet - Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway.
Vegar RangulHUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
Kirsti KvaløyHUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
Jo Magne IngulLevanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.
Ottar BjerkesetFaculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet - Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway.
Jean TwengeDepartment of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
Erik R SundHUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology · NOLevanger Hospital · NONord University · NOSan Diego State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPublic health trends are formed by political, economic, historical and cultural factors in society. The aim of this paper was to describe overall changes in mental health among adolescents and adults in a Norwegian population over the three last decades and discuss some potential explanations for these changes.

designRepeated population-based health surveys to monitor decennial changes.

settingData from three cross-sectional surveys in 1995-1997, 2006-2008 and 2017-2019 in the population-based HUNT Study in Norway were used.

participantsThe general population in a Norwegian county covering participants aged 13-79 years, ranging from 48 000 to 62 000 000 in each survey.

main outcome measuresPrevalence estimates of subjective anxiety and depression symptoms stratified by age and gender were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 for adolescents and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for adults.

resultsAdolescents' and young adults' mental distress increased sharply, especially between 2006-2008 and 2017-2019. However, depressive symptoms instead declined among adults aged 60 and over and anxiety symptoms remained largely unchanged in these groups.

conclusionsOur trend data from the HUNT Study in Norway indicate poorer mental health among adolescents and young adults that we suggest are related to relevant changes in young people's living conditions and behaviour, including the increased influence of screen-based media.

Indexed as

AnxietyMental HealthAdolescentAgedAnxiety DisordersCross-Sectional StudiesHealth SurveysHumansMiddle AgedNorwaySurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultepidemiologymental healthpublic healthsocial medicine

Identifiers

PMID35584877
PMCPMC9119156
OpenAlexW4280593459

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.