ArticleScience advances2022
Human brain anatomy reflects separable genetic and environmental components of socioeconomic status.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regional cerebellum volume anomalies and associated cognitive function in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Intergenerational Enlargement of Human Organs as a Driver of Increased Cancer Risk?BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Structural inequality linked to brain volume and network dynamics in aging and dementia across the Americas.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status moderates associations between hippocampal development and cognition in preterms.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Multi-organ imaging-derived polygenic indexes for brain and body health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Neural correlates of obesity across the lifespan.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between structural and diffusion imaging-derived phenotypes and the risk of major neurodegenerative diseases.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- The interaction effects of age, APOE and common environmental risk factors on human brain structure.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Factors in Brain Research: Increasing Sample Representativeness with Portable MRI.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2024Article
- Spinal afferent neurons: emerging regulators of energy balance and metabolism.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- New Challenges for Anatomists in the Era of Omics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Associations between socioeconomic gradients and racial disparities in preadolescent brain outcomes.Pediatric research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) correlates with brain structure, a relation of interest given the long-observed relations of SES to cognitive abilities and health. Yet, major questions remain open, in particular, the pattern of causality that underlies this relation. In an unprecedently large study, here, we assess genetic and environmental contributions to SES differences in neuroanatomy. We first establish robust SES-gray matter relations across a number of brain regions, cortical and subcortical. These regional correlates are parsed into predominantly genetic factors and those potentially due to the environment. We show that genetic effects are stronger in some areas (prefrontal cortex, insula) than others. In areas showing less genetic effect (cerebellum, lateral temporal), environmental factors are likely to be influential. Our results imply a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors that influence the SES-brain relation and may eventually provide insights relevant to policy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.