ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Spatiotemporal dynamics of odor representations in the human brain revealed by EEG decoding.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed.
- TensorCSBP: A Tensor Center-Symmetric Feature Extractor for EEG Odor Detection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- High-Accuracy Detection of Odor Presence from Olfactory Bulb Local Field Potentials via Deep Neural Networks.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dominant odor-active events link plant volatile signals to human perception and behavioral intentions in urban smellscapes.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Behavioral Relevance of Early Neural Coding of Low-Level Odor Features in Humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neural representation of mixed feelings during real-time processing of negative words in pun-humor.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of artifact correction and artifact rejection on the performance of SVM- and LDA-based decoding of EEG signals.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- Sensory and neural responses to flavor compound 3-Methylbutanal in dry fermented sausages: Enhancing perceived overall aroma.Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Exploring the feasibility of olfactory brain-computer interfaces.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of artifact correction and artifact rejection on the performance of SVM-based decoding of EEG signals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- What emotions are elicited by smells in Japanese people? Emotional measurement using a universal scale in Japanese.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effects of inhalingFrontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A Neural Circuit For Bergamot Essential Oil-Induced Anxiolytic Effects.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Measurement and Analyses of Olfactory Event-Related Potentials.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- The human olfactory bulb communicates perceived odor valence to the piriform cortex in the gamma band and receives a refined representation back in the beta band.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Combining pleasant Olfactory and BRAin stimulations in treatment-resistant depression (COBRA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Representational maps in the brain: concepts, approaches, and applications.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of odor representations in the human brain revealed by EEG decoding.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
How the human brain translates olfactory inputs into diverse perceptions, from pleasurable floral smells to sickening smells of decay, is one of the fundamental questions in olfaction. To examine how different aspects of olfactory perception emerge in space and time in the human brain, we performed time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis of scalp-recorded electroencephalogram responses to 10 perceptually diverse odors and associated the resulting decoding accuracies with perception and source activities. Mean decoding accuracies of odors exceeded the chance level 100 ms after odor onset and reached maxima at 350 ms. The result suggests that the neural representations of individual odors were maximally separated at 350 ms. Perceptual representations emerged following the decoding peak: unipolar unpleasantness (neutral to unpleasant) from 300 ms, and pleasantness (neutral to pleasant) and perceptual quality (applicability to verbal descriptors such as “fruity” or “flowery”) from 500 ms after odor onset, with all these perceptual representations reaching their maxima after 600 ms. A source estimation showed that the areas representing the odor information, estimated based on the decoding accuracies, were localized in and around the primary and secondary olfactory areas at 100 to 350 ms after odor onset. Odor representations then expanded into larger areas associated with emotional, semantic, and memory processing, with the activities of these later areas being significantly associated with perception. These results suggest that initial odor information coded in the olfactory areas (<350 ms) evolves into their perceptual realizations (300 to >600 ms) through computations in widely distributed cortical regions, with different perceptual aspects having different spatiotemporal dynamics.
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