ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2022
A Classification System for Defining and Estimating Dietary Intake of Live Microbes in US Adults and Children.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06087146 (Sauerkraut Supplementation in Athletes for Gut Microbiome Optimization), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sauerkraut Supplementation in Athletes for Gut Microbiome Optimization: Case Series and Literature Review (Project KOMS)
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting the human gut microbiome: a comparative review of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Urinary volatilomics for biomarker discovery in kidney stone patients and healthy controls.Urolithiasis · 2026Article
- Associations between physical activity and dietary live microbe intake with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: findings from the NHANES, 2007-2018.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Associations of dietary live microbe intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged and older US stroke survivors: a prospective cohort study from NHANES 2003-2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Association Between Dietary Live Microbes and Diet Quality Among Children and Adults in France.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Article
- Association between dietary active microbe intake and dental caries among American adults : Evidence from the NHANES database.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
- The Association Between Fermented Food Intake and Hs-CRP Across Age Groups in Korean Adults: Effect Modification by Sodium Intake.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Dietary intake of live microbes is inversely associated with fatigue and modified by serum folate among adults aged 40 years or more.Maturitas · 2026Article
- Regulating effect of genistein on the association of endothelial activation and stress index with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES database.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Accelerated biological aging is associated with the negative relationship between dietary intake of live microbes and diabetic retinopathy in US diabetic patients.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Association between Live Dietary Microbes and Root Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study with a Predictive Risk Model.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
- Associations between dietary intake of live microorganisms, fermented foods, and the fermented food microbial richness index and cardiometabolic health in Swiss adults: a cross-sectional analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and Live Microbe Intake in Relation to Visceral Fat Obesity: Evidence From NHANES With Vitamin D as a Mediator.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Fermented Food Consumption in Adults.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Article
- Dietary live microbe intake and asthma risk and mediator analysis: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2003-2018.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary Supplements in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Evidence, Safety Challenges and a Precision Nutrition Framework (GAPSS).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Consumer knowledge and motivations for consumption of fermented foods.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Daily dietary patterns associated withFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Deciphering the association between dietary live microbe intake and metabolic syndrome: exploring the effects of inflammation and insulin resistance.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConsuming live microbes in foods may benefit human health. Live microbe estimates have not previously been associated with individual foods in dietary databases.
objectivesWe aimed to estimate intake of live microbes in US children (aged 2-18 y) and adults (≥19 y) (n = 74,466; 51.2% female).
methodsUsing cross-sectional data from the NHANES (2001-2018), experts assigned foods an estimated level of live microbes per gram [low (Lo), <104 CFU/g; medium (Med), 104-107 CFU/g; or high (Hi), >107 CFU/g]. Probiotic dietary supplements were also assessed. The mean intake of each live microbe category and the percentages of subjects who ate from each live microbe category were determined. Nutrients from foods with live microbes were also determined using the population ratio method. Because the Hi category comprised primarily fermented dairy foods, we also looked at aggregated data for Med or Hi (MedHi), which included an expanded range of live microbe-containing foods, including fruits and vegetables.
resultsOur analysis showed that 52%, 20%, and 59% of children/adolescents, and 61%, 26%, and 67% of adults, consumed Med, Hi, or MedHi foods, respectively. Per capita intake of Med, Hi, and MedHi foods was 69, 16, and 85 g/d for children/adolescents, and 106, 21, and 127 g/d for adults, respectively. The proportion of subjects who consumed live microbes and overall per capita intake increased significantly over the 9 cycles/18-y study period (0.9-3.1 g/d per cycle in children across categories and 1.4 g/d per cycle in adults for the Med category).
conclusionsThis study indicated that children, adolescents, and adults in the United States steadily increased their consumption of foods with live microbes between the earliest (2001-2002) and latest (2017-2018) survey cycles. Additional research is needed to determine the relations between exposure to live microbes in foods and specific health outcomes or biomarkers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.