ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2022
Distinct forms of resonant optimality within insect indirect flight motors.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Flight in the dark: different responses to darkness in flying insects.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- Wing hinge dynamics influence stroke amplitudes in flapping wing insects: a frequency response approach.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Causal models of rate-independent damping in insect exoskeleta.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- Passive mechanisms in flying insects and applications in bio-inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicles.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Efficiency and control trade-offs and work loop characteristics of flapping-wing systems with synchronous and asynchronous muscles.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Subtle frequency matching reveals resonant phenomenon in the flight of Odonata.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Insect Flight: State of the Field and Future Directions.Integrative and comparative biology · 2024Article
- Moth resonant mechanics are tuned to wingbeat frequency and energetic demands.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- The self-oscillation paradox in the flight motor ofJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Structural damping renders the hawkmoth exoskeleton mechanically insensitive to non-sinusoidal deformations.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Experimental studies suggest differences in the distribution of thorax elasticity between insects with synchronous and asynchronous musculature.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Modeling and Analysis of a Simple Flexible Wing-Thorax System in Flapping-Wing Insects.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Insect flight motors are extraordinary natural structures that operate efficiently at high frequencies. Structural resonance is thought to play a role in ensuring efficient motor operation, but the details of this role are elusive. While the efficiency benefits associated with resonance may be significant, a range of counterintuitive behaviours are observed. In particular, the relationship between insect wingbeat frequencies and thoracic natural frequencies is uncertain, with insects showing wingbeat frequency modulation over both short and long time scales. Here, we offer new explanations for this modulation. We show how, in linear and nonlinear models of an indirect flight motor, resonance is not a unitary state at a single frequency, but a complex cluster of distinct and mutually exclusive states, each representing a different form of resonant optimality. Additionally, by characterizing the relationship between resonance and the state of negative work absorption within the motor, we demonstrate how near-perfect resonant energetic optimality can be maintained over significant wingbeat frequency ranges. Our analysis leads to a new conceptual model of flight motor operation: one in which insects are not energetically restricted to a precise wingbeat frequency, but instead are robust to changes in thoracic and environmental properties-an illustration of the extraordinary robustness of these natural motors.
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