ReviewCancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)2019
Resistance mechanisms in melanoma to immuneoncologic therapy with checkpoint inhibitors.
Review in Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of Degradable Silylated Castor Oil-Based Microparticles for the Sustained Release of a Lipophilic Anti-Cancer Drug.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- B7-H6/NKp30 Axis in Melanoma: Translational Rationale, Evidence Gaps, and Therapeutic Considerations.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- PLD1 and PLD2 promote an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via CCL19-dependent macrophage polarization and PD-L1 induction.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Circulating Cytokines in Melanoma Prognosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Uncovering the Intricate and Heterogeneous Cellular Microenvironment of Cutaneous Melanoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- DNA delivered by lipid nanoparticles induces CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor responses and enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Across the Social Network of the Gut: Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune landscape of melanoma: Tumor microenvironment, resistance mechanisms, and predictive biomarkers.World journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Convergent Roles of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) in Mechanotransduction, Vascular Disorganization, and Immune Suppression in Melanoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- TIL cell therapy in HIV positive patient with metastatic melanoma: case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Advances in Cutaneous Melanoma Therapy: The Emerging Role of CDK4/6 Inhibitors.Pharmacological research · 2025Review
- Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Advances in Cell and Immune Therapies for Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Advances in Understanding Drug Resistance Mechanisms and Innovative Clinical Treatments for Melanoma.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Subverting the Canon: Novel Cancer-Promoting Functions and Mechanisms for snoRNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Influenza virus infection enhances tumour-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity, facilitating tumour control.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Targeting ULK1 Decreases IFNγ-Mediated Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2023Article
- Intersection of FcγRIIB, the microbiome, and checkpoint inhibitors in antitumor immunity.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors act by blocking physiologic mechanisms coopted by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance, restoring the immune system's ability to identify and kill malignant cells. These therapies have dramatically improved outcomes in multiple tumor types with durable responses in many patients, leading to FDA approval first in advanced melanoma, then in many other malignancies. However, as experience with checkpoint inhibitors has grown, populations of patients who are primary nonresponders or develop secondary resistance have been the majority of cases, even in melanoma. Mechanisms of resistance include those inherent to the tumor microenvironment, the tumor cells themselves, and the function of the patient's native immune cells. This review will discuss resistance to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma as well as possible methods to restore sensitivity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.