Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35582437›Full record

ReviewCancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)2020

A review of mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and potential strategies for therapy.

Yu Fujiwara, Arjun Mittra, Abdul Rafeh Naqash, Naoko Takebe

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Systemic treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced psoriasis: Inference-based guidance.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025
    Pooled it
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  14. Precision epigenetic therapies in oncology.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yu FujiwaraDevelopmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Arjun MittraDevelopmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Abdul Rafeh NaqashDevelopmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Naoko TakebeDevelopmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer over the last decade, bringing about a paradigm shift in systemic cancer therapy away from traditional cytotoxic and targeted therapies. While some patients have dramatic treatment responses, it is sobering to note that most tumors are either resistant at the outset, or develop resistance after initial response. A major area of translational and clinical research is in identifying therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to ICIs. We have performed an in-depth review of the different mechanisms of resistance and potential avenues to overcome resistance through rationally designed combination treatment with ICIs.

Indexed as

CTLA-4Immunotherapy resistancePD-1PD-L1tumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID35582437
PMCPMC8992481

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.