ArticleBehavior research methods2023
Affective norms for emotional ambiguity in valence, origin, and activation spaces.
Article in Behavior research methods, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relations of social cognition with affective states: Insights from an expanded 2650-word database on warmth and competence.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- The role of ambiguous valence, origin, and activation in behavioral and eye-tracking measurements during N-back task.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Learner-Level Psychological Factors Impact Feedback Recipience in Medical Education.Medical science educator · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
We introduce the first tool to measure the emotional ambiguity on three bivariate spaces: valence (dimensions of positivity and negativity); origin (automaticity and reflectiveness); and activation (subjective significance and arousal). Our database consists of 2650 word stimuli, assessed by 1380 participants in total with the usage of Self-Assessment Manikin scales for each dimension. We show that the ambiguity of valence, origin, and activation may be successfully perceived and reported in a behavioral procedure. The study has allowed us to compute characteristics of each word for every emotional dimension, thus providing the category of intensity of ambiguity (low, moderate, or high). We also studied the curvilinear relationships between the dimensions. Possible usage, specifics, and limitations of our database are discussed.
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