ArticleScientific reports2022
Characterising the unity and diversity of executive functions in a within-subject fMRI study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of cue transparency in task switching: an SDM-PSI meta-analysis in healthy adults.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Transfer Effects of Integrated Adaptive Working Memory Training in School-Age Children: Improvements in Inhibitory Control and Asymmetric Gains in Mathematical Abilities.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Associations Between Screen Time, Sleep, and Executive Function in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Digital Content and Age.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Measuring neurodevelopment of inhibitory control in children using naturalistic virtual reality.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inhibition and updating share common resources: Bayesian evidence from signal detection theory and drift diffusion model.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Neural Distinction between Visual Word and Object Recognition: An fMRI Study Using Pictographs.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Eveningness and distinctness of the circadian rhythm in men are related to altered neural responses to gain and loss.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Physical Activity on Executive Functions in the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Structural brain basis of latent factors of executive functions in childhood.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain activation during cognitive control tasks differs substantially between people but is reliable within individuals.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Functional neuroplasticity of facilitation and interference effects on inhibitory control following 3-month physical exercise in aging.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Basis of executive functions in fine-grained architecture of cortical and subcortical human brain networks.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Resting state network connectivity is associated with cognitive flexibility performance in youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Neuropsychologia · 2023Article
- Brain functional characterization of response-code conflict in dual-tasking and its modulation by age.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Executive function abilities in cognitively healthy young and older adults-A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association Between the Attention Network Test, Neuropsychological Measures, and Disability in Post-Acute Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2023Article
- Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: An Observational Study.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Inter-Individual Differences in Executive Functions Predict Multitasking Performance - Implications for the Central Attentional Bottleneck.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Behavioural studies investigating the relationship between Executive Functions (EFs) demonstrated evidence that different EFs are correlated with each other, but also that they are partially independent from each other. Neuroimaging studies investigating such an interrelationship with respect to the functional neuroanatomical correlates are sparse and have revealed inconsistent findings. To address this question, we created four tasks derived from the same basic paradigm, one each for updating, inhibition, switching, and dual-tasking. We assessed brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in twenty-nine participants while they performed the four EF tasks plus control tasks. For the analysis, we first determined the neural correlates of each EF by subtracting the respective control tasks from the EF tasks. We tested for unity in EF tasks by calculating the conjunction across these four "EF-minus-control" contrasts. This identified common areas including left lateral frontal cortices [middle and superior frontal gyrus (BA 6)], medial frontal cortices (BA 8) as well as parietal cortices [inferior and superior parietal lobules (BA 39/7)]. We also observed areas activated by two or three EF tasks only, such as frontoparietal areas [e.g., SFG (BA8) right inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), left precuneus (BA 7)], and subcortical regions [bilateral thalamus (BA 50)]. Finally, we found areas uniquely activated for updating [bilateral MFG (BA 8) and left supramarginal gyrus (BA 39)], inhibition (left IFG BA 46), and dual-tasking [left postcentral gyrus (BA 40)]. These results demonstrate that the functional neuroanatomical correlates of the four investigated EFs show unity as well as diversity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.