Observational studyPloS one2022
Factors associated with low-level viraemia in people with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy: A Swedish observational study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of low-level viremia and related influencing factors among people living with HIV in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of Developing Low-Level Viral Rebound Among People With HIV Receiving 2- or 3-Drug Regimens: A Case-Control Study Nested in the ICONA Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Characteristics and management of low-level viraemia in people living with HIV in a resource-limited setting: A multicentre retrospective study in Greece.HIV medicine · 2026Observational
- Factors associated with low-level viremia in people living with HIV: A 10-year retrospective study in South Korea.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Low-level viremia in people with HIV in Ethiopia is associated with subsequent lack of viral suppression and attrition from care.Global health action · 2025Article
- Low-level viremia and subsequent virologic failure among people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV Viral Rebound on Dolutegravir, Lopinavir, and Efavirenz: National Program Data Analysis From Ukraine.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- A Guide to the Evolving Clinical Landscape of Low-Level Viremia Among Persons with HIV in the Modern Treatment Era.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Characteristics and six-month viral load suppression of clients presenting with advanced HIV disease in South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Association between differentiated HIV care delivery model and low-level viremia among people living with HIV in Rwanda.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- Low Level Viremia Is Associated With Serious non-AIDS Events in People With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cohort profile: InfCareHIV, a prospective registry-based cohort study of people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Virologic Failure Following Low-level Viremia and Viral Blips During Antiretroviral Therapy: Results From a European Multicenter Cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveLow-level viraemia (LLV) occurs in some people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and has been linked to inferior treatment outcomes. We investigated factors associated with LLV in a nationwide cohort of Swedish PWH starting ART.
methodsParticipants were identified from the InfCareHIV register, with the following inclusion criteria: ART initiation 2006-2017, age >15 years, ≥4 viral load (VL) results available and no documented treatment interruptions or virologic failure (≥2 consecutive VL ≥200 copies/ml) during follow-up. Starting from 6 months after ART initiation, participants were followed for 24 months and categorised as viral suppression (VS; VL <50 copies/ml) or LLV (≥2 consecutive VL 50-199 copies/ml). We analysed the association between the following factors and LLV using multivariable logistic regression: sex, age, pre-ART VL and CD4 count, ART regimen, country of birth, HIV-1 subtype and transmission category.
resultsAmong 3383 participants, 3132 (92.6%) had VS and 251 (7.4%) had LLV. In univariable analyses, factors associated with LLV were male sex, higher age, lower pre-ART CD4 count, higher pre-ART VL and ART regimen. After adjustment, the following factors were associated with LLV (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval): male sex (1.6; 1.1-2.3), higher pre-ART VL (2.7; 2.2-3.3), pre-ART CD4 count <200 cells/μl (1.6; 1.2-2.2), protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen (1.5; 1.1-2.1), non-standard ART (2.4; 1.0-5.5) and injecting drug use (2.0; 1.1-3.7).
conclusionAmong Swedish PWH, LLV during ART was associated with markers of HIV disease severity before starting ART, male sex, injecting drug use and use of PI-based or non-standard ART regimens.
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