ArticleBMC pediatrics2022
Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The latent difference score model is a viable alternative to arithmetic difference score-based anchor-driven minimal important change calculation.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Trial
- Early postpartum psychosocial profiles predict parenting maladjustment at 1 year.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding, cognitive ability, and residual confounding: A comment on studies by Pereyra-Elìas et al.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Corrigendum: Curiosity does help to protect against anxiety and depression symptoms but not conversely.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLatent change score models are often used to study change over time in observational data. However, latent change score models may be susceptible to regression to the mean. Earlier observational studies have identified a positive association between breastfeeding and child intelligence, even when adjusting for maternal intelligence.
methodIn the present study, we investigate regression to the mean in the case of breastfeeding and intelligence of children. We used latent change score modeling to analyze intergenerational change in intelligence, both from mothers to children and backward from children to mothers, in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) dataset (N = 6283).
resultsWhen analyzing change from mothers to children, breastfeeding was found to have a positive association with intergenerational change in intelligence, whereas when analyzing backward change from children to mothers, a negative association was found.
conclusionsThese discrepant findings highlight a hidden flexibility in the analytical space and call into question the reliability of earlier studies of breastfeeding and intelligence using observational data.
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