ArticleJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2022
Social Engagement and Distress Among Home Care Recipients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Homecare Use for Individuals with Physical Disabilities Stratified by Sex, Age, and Mental Health Condition: A Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data.Home health care management & practice · 2026Article
- Addressing Frailty in the Emergency Department: Early Outcomes of a Geriatric Rapid Access Clinic.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal association of frailty levels with knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged and elderly chinese: a longitudinal cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Medical Complexity of Newly Admitted Long-Term Care Residents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.Health services insights · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on the Surrounding Environment of Nursing Home Residents and Attitudes towards Infection Control and Oral Health Care among Nursing Home Staff in Japan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Well-Being, Physical Activity, and Social Support in Octogenarians with Heart Failure during COVID-19 Confinement: A Mixed-Methods Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine factors associated with distressing social decline and withdrawal during the COVID-19 pandemic for home care recipients.
designRetrospective cohort. SETTING AND
participantsHome care recipients age 18 years or older in Ontario, Canada without severe cognitive impairment with an assessment and follow-up between September 1, 2018 and August 31, 2020.
methodsData were collected using the interRAI home care. Outcomes of interest were distressing decline in social participation and social withdrawal. Independent variables were entered into multivariable longitudinal generalized estimating equations. Interaction terms with the pandemic were tested. Those significant at P < .01 were retained in final models and reported as odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsWe compared 26,492 and 19,126 home care recipients before and during the pandemic, respectively. The pandemic was associated with greater odds of experiencing distressing social decline (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.22‒1.34) and withdrawal (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04‒1.15). Living alone (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05‒1.22), frailty (OR 3.21, 95% CI 2.76‒3.73), health instability (OR 2.22, 95% CI 2.02‒2.44), and depression (OR 2.14, 95% CI 2.01‒2.29) increased the odds of distressing social decline. Older age (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65‒0.77), functional impairment (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.51‒0.67), and receiving caregiving (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.67‒0.79) decreased the odds. Home care recipients with mild/moderate dementia were less likely to experience distressing social decline during the pandemic. Those who lived alone were more likely. Frailty (OR 9.49, 95% CI 7.69‒11.71) and depression (OR 2.76, 95% CI 2.55‒3.00) increased the odds of social withdrawal. Functional impairment (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.27‒0.39), congestive heart failure (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70‒0.84), and receiving caregiving (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.46‒0.55) decreased the odds. Home care recipients age 18‒64 years and older than 75 years were less likely to experience social withdrawal during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Social support interventions should focus on supporting those living alone, with frailty, health instability, or depression.
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