Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35576590›Full record

ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2022

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact and Effectiveness Through 12 Years After Vaccine Introduction in the United States, 2003 to 2018.

Hannah G Rosenblum, Rayleen M Lewis, Julia W Gargano, Troy D Querec, Elizabeth R Unger, Lauri E Markowitz

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Decreases in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Types 16 and 18 in Cervical Precancers: HPV-IMPACT, 2008 to 2019.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hannah G RosenblumEpidemic Intelligence Service and Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (H.G.R.).ORCID 0000-0001-5632-5101
Rayleen M LewisDivision of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, and Synergy America, Duluth, Georgia (R.M.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-2603-9494
Julia W GarganoDivision of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (J.W.G., L.E.M.).ORCID 0000-0001-9976-178X
Troy D QuerecDivision of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (T.D.Q., E.R.U.).ORCID 0000-0002-3787-6271
Elizabeth R UngerDivision of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (T.D.Q., E.R.U.).ORCID 0000-0002-2925-5635
Lauri E MarkowitzDivision of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (J.W.G., L.E.M.).ORCID 0000-0002-2480-9520
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced in 2006 for females and in 2011 for males.

objectiveTo estimate vaccine impact and effectiveness against quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV)-type prevalent infection among sexually experienced U.S. females and vaccine effectiveness for sexually experienced U.S. males.

designNHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) conducted in 2003 to 2006 (prevaccine era) and in 2007 to 2010, 2011 to 2014, and 2015 to 2018 (vaccine eras).

settingNationally representative U.S. surveys.

participantsSexually experienced participants aged 14 to 24 years.

interventionU.S. HPV vaccination program. MEASUREMENTS: Participant-collected cervicovaginal and penile specimens were tested for HPV DNA. The prevalences of 4vHPV and non-4vHPV types were estimated in each era for females and in 2013 to 2016 for males. Prevalences among the female population overall, vaccinated females, and unvaccinated females were compared in vaccine eras versus the prevaccine era (vaccine impact). Within each vaccine era, prevalence among vaccinated females was compared with that among unvaccinated females (vaccine effectiveness). Vaccine impact and effectiveness were estimated as (1 - prevalence ratio) · 100.

resultsAmong sexually experienced females aged 14 to 24 years, the impact on 4vHPV-type prevalence in 2015 to 2018 was 85% overall, 90% among vaccinated females, and 74% among unvaccinated females. No significant declines were found in non-4vHPV-type prevalence. Vaccine effectiveness ranged from 60% to 84% during vaccine eras for females and was 51% during 2013 to 2016 for males. LIMITATION: Self- or parent-reported vaccination history and small numbers in certain subgroups limited precision.

conclusionNationally representative data show increasing impact of the vaccination program and herd protection. Vaccine effectiveness estimates will be increasingly affected by herd effects. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Indexed as

Papillomavirus InfectionsPapillomavirus VaccinesFemaleHumansImmunization ProgramsMaleNutrition SurveysPrevalenceUnited StatesVaccinationPapillomavirus Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID35576590
PMCPMC11614147
OpenAlexW4280513186

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.