ArticlePloS one2022
Health disparities and COVID-19: A retrospective study examining individual and community factors causing disproportionate COVID-19 outcomes in Cook County, Illinois.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leveraging Multiple Administrative Data Sources to Reduce Missing Race and Ethnicity Data: A Descriptive Epidemiology Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Case Relative Rates.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, and other large language models for social determinants of health: Current state and future directions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Review
- Socioeconomic and clinical risk factors associated with moderate intensity physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Polarization and health-related behaviours and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review protocol.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Longitudinal assessment of demographic representativeness in the Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center open data commons.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Spanish Provinces.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- Differential health outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among minority populations: An analysis based on Chicago's neighborhoods.Public health challenges · 2023Article
- Filling the gaps: A community case study in using an interprofessional approach and community-academic partnerships to address COVID-19-related inequities.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 mortality and deprivation: pandemic, syndemic, and endemic health inequalities.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Review
- Remarks by James W. Curran Upon Receipt of the ASPPH Welch-Rose Award for Distinction in Public Health.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
- Addressing Precarious Work Through Policy and Systems Change: A Case of a Local Health Department, University, and Worker Center Collaboration in Suburban Cook County, IL.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early data from the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that the disease has had a disproportionate impact on communities of color with higher infection and mortality rates within those communities. This study used demographic data from the 2018 US census estimates, mortality data from the Cook County Medical Examiner's office, and testing results from the Illinois Department of Public Health to perform bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to explore the role race plays in COVID-19 outcomes at the individual and community levels. We used the ZCTA Social Deprivation Index (SDI), a measure of ZCTA area level deprivation based on seven demographic characteristics to quantify the socio-economic variation in health outcomes and levels of disadvantage across ZCTAs. Principal findings showed that: 1) while Black individuals make up 22% of Cook County's population, they account for 28% of the county's COVID-19 related deaths; 2) the average age of death from COVID-19 is seven years younger for Non-White compared with White decedents; 3) residents of Minority ZCTA areas were 1.02 times as likely to test positive for COVID-19, (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 1.02, [95% CI 0.95, 1.10]); 1.77 times as likely to die (IRR 1.77, [95% CI 1.17, 2.66]); and were 1.15 times as likely to be tested (IRR 1.15, [95% CI 0.99, 1.33]). There are notable differences in COVID-19 related outcomes between racial and ethnic groups at individual and community levels. This study illustrates the health disparities and underlying systemic inequalities experienced by communities of color.
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