ReviewMolecular pharmaceutics2022
iBCS: 1. Principles and Framework of an Inhalation-Based Biopharmaceutics Classification System.
Review in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Formulation and Technological Strategies for Montelukast Pulmonary Delivery.ACS omega · 2026Review
- An In Vitro-In Vivo Comparison of Two Levodopa Dry Powder Products for Inhalation: A Randomized Trial Comparing Inbrija and Levodopa Cyclops.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Gelatin-Based Microspheres of Ciprofloxacin for Enhanced Lung Delivery and Biofilm Eradication inGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- iBCS: 4. Application of the Inhalation Biopharmaceutics Classification System to the Development of Orally Inhaled Drug Products.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- A 3D Model of the Human Lung Airway for Evaluating Permeability of Inhaled Drugs.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Assessment of drug permeability using a small airway microphysiological system.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Activity in an air-liquid interface lung infection model, feasibility of inhaled delivery, and stability of cell-free supernatants fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Biopharmaceutical profiling of anti-infective sanggenons fromInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Article
- iBCS: 3. A Biopharmaceutics Classification System for Orally Inhaled Drug Products.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- In Vitro Dissolution and Permeability Testing of Inhalation Products: Challenges and Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- How to engineer aerosol particle properties and biopharmaceutical performance of propellant inhalers.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Bioequivalence study of ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol using PBPK modelling.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- iBCS: 2. Mechanistic Modeling of Pulmonary Availability of Inhaled Drugs versus Critical Product Attributes.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For oral drugs, the formulator and discovery chemist have a tool available to them that can be used to navigate the risks associated with the selection and development of immediate release oral drugs and drug products. This tool is the biopharmaceutics classification system (giBCS). Unfortunately, no such classification system exists for inhaled drugs. The perspective outlined in this manuscript provides the foundational principles and framework for a classification system for inhaled drugs. The proposed classification system, an inhalation-based biopharmaceutics classification system (iBCS), is based on fundamental biopharmaceutics principles adapted to an inhalation route of administration framework. It is envisioned that a classification system for orally inhaled drugs will facilitate an understanding of the technical challenges associated with the development of new chemical entities and their associated new drug products (device and drug formulation combinations). Similar to the giBCS, the iBCS will be based on key attributes describing the drug substance (solubility and permeability) and the drug product (dose and dissolution). This manuscript provides the foundational aspects of an iBCS, including the proposed scientific principles and framework upon which such a system can be developed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.