ReviewGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2022
A new insight into pachychoroid diseases: Remodeling of choroidal vasculature.
Review in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Three-dimensional choroidal characteristics in different subtypes of central serous chorioretinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Trial
- Ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography findings of vortex veins in central serous chorioretinopathy.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Comparison of Choroidal Morphological Changes Between Aflibercept 8 mg and Faricimab-svoa in Treatment-Naïve Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy: long-term structural changes and risk factors for disease evolution.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: phenotypic characterisation for clinical trial consideration.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Anterior Suprachoroidal Fluid Following Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic CSC: An Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Werner Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Choriocapillaris Flow Deficits Impact Macular Neovascularization Risk in Long-Term Follow-Up for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Comparison of the efficacy of subthreshold micropulse laser versus intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A bibliometric and visualized analysis of choriocapillaris from 2013 to 2023.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness during pregnancy and postpartum using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Flat irregular pigment epithelium detachments in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a focus on choroidal changes.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Reduction in choroidal thickness associated with the progression of pachychoroid spectrum diseases.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Changes in choroidal vessel morphology associated with fluid leakage in central serous chorioretinopathy; a comparison of OCTA and ICGA.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- REGIONAL VARIABILITY IN CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY INDEX AND ASSOCIATION WITH INTERVORTEX ANASTOMOSES IN POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Retinal microvascular differences between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study with diagnostic modeling.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of vortex vein in healthy eyes and fundus diseases imaged by ultra-widefield OCTA.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Choroidal circulation time by wide-field indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Characteristics of Choroidal Vasculature Associated With Filling Delay in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Pachychoroid disease: review and update.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePachychoroid spectrum diseases are regarded as being different manifestations of a common pathogenic process. We suggest that pachychoroid diseases are consequences of chronic vortex vein stasis.
methodsWe describe how we came to this conclusion based on our own recent reports as well as a search of the related literature.
resultsCentral serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the first stage of pachychoroid spectrum diseases. CSC is caused by congestion of choroidal veins, which are branches of the vortex veins. The venous outflow tract of the choroid is divided into four quadrants, based on horizontal and vertical watershed zones, with one or two vortex veins in each quadrant being independently responsible for venous outflow. In acute CSC, vortex vein stasis frequently causes asymmetric dilatation of the vortex veins in the horizontal watershed. The area of geographic filling delay in the choriocapillaris coincides with the area of this asymmetrically dilated vortex veins. With chronic stasis of the vortex veins, venous anastomosis occurs in the watershed zone as a means of compensating for the stasis, and the choriocapillaris becomes occluded in the area of filling delay. The anastomotic vessels dilate, becoming often hyperpermeable, and are then recognizable as pachyvessels. With the development of choriocapillaris ischemia, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) occurs at the site of pachyvessels. This is termed pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy is regarded as a variant of PNV.
conclusionsIntervortex venous anastomosis is among the key factors underlying the development of pachychoroid diseases. Remodeling of the venous drainage route though the anastomosis across the watershed zones is apparently a common response to chronic vortex vein stasis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.